User:Chabi


 * 
 * Sona-English Electric Dictionary                       updated 2013-08-12
 * created and maintained by Rich Harrison                  www.sonagona.org
 * Copyright 2013 by Richard K Harrison. This online file is provided under
 * the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
 * license. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/deed.en_US
 * symbols and abbreviations --
 * { } encloses source of data about word, usually chapter/section of Book.
 * {RA} = Reasonable Assumption based on patterns seen in the Book.
 *  indicates a neologism that does not appear in Searight's book.
 * <?> indicates an item that might not be defined well enough to safely use.
 * KS = Kenneth Searight
 * SU = SonaUiki archives from 2004-2006
 * cf.   "compare this to ..."                esp.   especially
 * defn. definition                           prob.  probably
 * e.g.  "for example ..."
 * E-o   Esperanto
 * part of speech tags --
 * Entries are tagged with their most likely part of speech (noun, adverb,
 * etc). Read pages 20-21 of the Book to understand that words can sometimes
 * change their part of speech without changing their form.
 * [abbr] abbreviation                       [pfx] prefix
 * [adj] adjective                           [prep] preposition
 * [adv] adverb                              [pron] pronoun
 * [conj] conjunction                        [sfx] suffix
 * [fu] fulana                               [v] verb
 * [n] noun                                  [!] interjection
 * [num] numeral
 * [pcl] particle
 * notes on the file format --
 * Lines that start with ^ contain commentary about the preceding Sona word.
 * > at the start of a line means "this entry is an echo of an entry that is
 * located elsewhere in the file."
 * Lines beginning with asterisks are comment lines, or lexical entries which
 * are so questionable that I don't believe they should be processed.
 * Lines beginning with @ are material from the Table of Radicals that should
 * be ignored under most circumstances. Students should remember that
 * the Table of Radicals contains vague, misleading information.
 * Tag sequence: nunnu<?> (nun+nu)  [adv] : english, english {source}
 * This is a work in progress. Further revisions will be published.
 * notes on the file format --
 * Lines that start with ^ contain commentary about the preceding Sona word.
 * > at the start of a line means "this entry is an echo of an entry that is
 * located elsewhere in the file."
 * Lines beginning with asterisks are comment lines, or lexical entries which
 * are so questionable that I don't believe they should be processed.
 * Lines beginning with @ are material from the Table of Radicals that should
 * be ignored under most circumstances. Students should remember that
 * the Table of Radicals contains vague, misleading information.
 * Tag sequence: nunnu<?> (nun+nu)  [adv] : english, english {source}
 * This is a work in progress. Further revisions will be published.
 * Lines beginning with @ are material from the Table of Radicals that should
 * be ignored under most circumstances. Students should remember that
 * the Table of Radicals contains vague, misleading information.
 * Tag sequence: nunnu<?> (nun+nu)  [adv] : english, english {source}
 * This is a work in progress. Further revisions will be published.
 * This is a work in progress. Further revisions will be published.
 * This is a work in progress. Further revisions will be published.
 * This is a work in progress. Further revisions will be published.

@ a [particle-p] : at; fixed place (sf.) {VIII,IX}

a [sfx] : (indicates "fixed place") {§15} > danya : bank > idaya : office > pia : nest > reya : street > vedaya : farm

a [sfx] : (indicates "female resident" of a country) {§14} > Fransa : French woman > Itala : Italian woman

a [pfx] : (creates adverb of location as opposed to motion; cf. 'li') {§30} > afu : outside > ayaka : overhead > ayego : around > ayeza : in the rear

a [prep] : at (located in the same place/domain as ...) ^ is listed in chapter IX examples "a karipa" "a toruda" a ci : where (the place which...) {IX} aua [adv] : there-at {§30}

@ aba [radical-v] : punish, penal, avenge {VIII} aba [v] : punish, penalize {RA} abada [n] : punishment, penalty {VII,IX} abadan [n] : fine (penalty), penalty (monetary fine) {VII} abakan [n] : prison {IX}

@ abe [radical-n] : clear, pale, fair, flax {VIII} abegin [n] : linen {IX} abejen [n] : nickel (the metal) {IX} abero  [adj] : pale abevan [n] : mist {IX} abexa [n] : lily {§17} abeyo [adj] : clear, simple {IX}

@ abi [radical-n] : habit, mode, custom {VIII} abi [n] : habit, custom {RA} abio [adj] : habitual, customary {RA}

@ abo [radical-n] : antelope, buck {VIII} ^ no usage/discussion in Book ~ reserve for possible repurposing?

@ abu [radical-v] : love, desire, dear {VIII} ^ apparently covers familial as well as romantic love abu [v] : love {§23} abuda [n] : love {IX} abuni [adj] : dear (beloved), loved {IX}

@ ada [radical-n] : work, function, make {VIII} ^ based on usage, a better defn. would be industry / business / (employment?) adani [adj] : engaged (occupied), busy ("tu adanike indiri") {VII} adda (ada+da) [n] : operation, working {IX} fuada [n] : foreign affairs > giada : company, firm > hiada : industry > siada : business > zinyasagiada : life insurance company

@ ade [radical-n] : hollow, cave, cup, scoop {VIII} ^ refers to various types of concave things, concavity adebin [n] : basin (utensil) {IX} adema [n] : cave, mine {IX} adeya [n] : basin (in terrain), hollow (= valley), valley {IX} ^ adema and adeya should be noted when studying usages of -ma vs. -a

@ adi [radical-n] : portion, share, lot {VIII} adi [n] : portion, share (one's alloted part of a thing) {RA} adika [v] : distribute {RA} adikada [n] : distribution {IX}

@ ado [radical-v] : add, addition, affix, sum {VIII} ado [n] : addition {page_100} ado [adj] : extra, additional {VII,IX} ^ "mi bezi ado mukupona" page 77 ado [conj] : plus ("enna ado tin zi ca") adolen [n] : bill (list of charges), account (bill), list {VII,IX} ^ adolen is a verb on page 87 "nu adolen po tinyedi diri" adoyu [adv] : additionally, in addition {RA}

@ adu [radical-n] : bone, thin, skeleton {VIII} adu [n] : bone {IX} adusinyo [adj] : thin (bony) {IX}

@ aga [radical-n] : earth, ground, land {VIII} aga [n] : land (ground), earth {VIII,IX} agacon  [n] : soil, dirt (soil) agaden [n] : plough, plow {IX} agadi  [n] : terra firma, earth (cf. hudi; sudi) agagon  [n] : Earth (name of our planet) {DH} agaitu [n] : brick {IX} agama [n] : land {IX} agamo [n] : potato {IX}

@ age [radical-v] : meet, contact {VIII} ^ add "join" in the sense of "I will join you in a few minutes" age [v] : meet ^ "mi va agetu ayesuno" page 78 ageda [n] : meeting {IX} ageya  [n] : meeting-place, forum

@ agi [radical-n] : compress, dense, thick {VIII} ^ might also indicate "solid" state of matter as opposed to gas/liquid {SU} agina [n] : solid {IX} agini [adj] : solid {IX} agio [adj] : thick (dense or viscous?) {IX} ^ hypothesis-> agio = viscous/heavy and agisinyo = large from edge to edge agisinyo [adj] : thick (bulky? large from edge to edge?) {IX}

@ ago [radical-n] curve, bend, arc, arch {VIII} agomo  [n] : banana agona [n] : curve {IX} agoru  [v] : turn (change course by curving to a different trajectory) {SU}

@ agu [radical-n] : slope, lean, tilt, trend {VIII} agua [n] : slope {IX} agune [n] : tendency {IX} ^ SonaUiki: "gun (angle) seems more the preferred radical" for translating ^  'bent' -- Searight was prob. thinking of some less common sense of 'bent' agusi [v] : lean ^ "foli da agusi fu selo" page 85
 * aguni : bent<?> {IX}

@ aka [radical-p] : above, high, up, raise {VIII} ^ covers both vertical size (gayaka) and altitude of an object above ground aka [adj] : tall, high {§22} > gayaka : tall tayaka [adj] : high -- very high {§22} akacan [n] : lift (elevator), elevator {IX} ^ lift is British English, elevator is American akadi [n] : top {IX} akali [adv] : up, upwards {IX} akaliani [adv] : up and down {§21} akama [n] : mountain {§22,IX} akasi [v] : get up, arise (especially from bed) {§27} ^ "zii jun mi akasi" page 73 akayani [adv] : high and low {§21} akka (aka+ka) [v] : lift, raise {IX} ayaka [adv] : above, high up, over {IX,page_57}

@ ake [radical-v] : request, pray, propose, offer {VIII} ake [n] : proposal, offer {page_86} akeda [n] : application (requesting something from an organization) {page_86} akedan [n] : charge (price) {VII} akela [v] : ask (to do or reveal something) ^ ji akelanii = a person being asked, page 88 akeni [n] : request {IX} joyake  [v] : pray

@ aki [radical-n] : speed, swift, quick, hasten {VIII} aki [!] : hurry! {page_115} > utoyaki : too fast! akibasi min [v] : burst into (suddenly enter) {page_89} akio [adj] : quick, fast, sharp (when "sharp" = sudden) {IX,RA} akiperu [v] : run (propel oneself quickly with one's legs) {IX} akiri ci : as soon as {§30} akisamene [n] : quickness of understanding {§21} akisi [!] : be quick!, hurry up! {§27} akiu [adv] : quickly, rapidly, swiftly {§30} akizu [n] : horse {§5,IX}

@ ako [radical-n] : short, brief, clip, shrink {VIII} ^ pertains to short time periods rather than lack of height > lenyako : summary, digest akoriu [adv] : temporarily {§32} akose  [v] : glimpse, glance at {SU} akoyo [adv] : short (in time), brief {RA}

@ aku [radical-n] : surface, skim, slip, slide {VIII} akufen [n] : slip (losing traction) {IX}

@ ala [radical-v] : praise, hail, cheer {VIII} ^ no usage/discussion in Book ala [v] : praise, complement (say nice things about) {RA}

@ ale [radical-n] : sign, mean, flag, crest {VIII} ^ crest as in heraldry? ale [v] : mean, signify, indicate<?> ^ "keu tu ale" in VII aleko [n] : detail {IX} alena [n] : sign {IX} alepanyo [adj] : serious {IX} aletayo [adj] : important {IX} alete [v] : point out {VII}

@ ali [radical-n] : side, flank, wing {VIII} ali [n] : wing {IX} alidi [n] : side {IX} aliga [n] : side (flank of the body) {IX} alisi [!] : out of the way!, stand aside! {§27} alli (ali+li) [adv] : sideways {§30} ayali [adv] : beside, aside {§30}

@ alo [radical-v] : allow, permit, leave, ticket {VIII} alo [v] : allow, permit {IX} alodi [n] : holiday (probably means "any day off from work") {§20} aloha [!] : dismissed!, goodbye {page_115} alolen [n] : ticket (to attend a performance etc) {RA} aloni [adj] : allowed, permissible {VII} kinyalo [v] : authorize {VII}

@ alu [radical-v] : invite, host, guest {VIII} alu [v] : invite {VII} ^ "mie uo aluti da pata" page 82 alukan [n] : hotel {IX}

@ ama [radical-p] : instead, proxy, vice- {VIII} ^ add "substitute" and "replace" ama [prep] : instead of, in place of {RA} ama [v] : replace {RA} ama mi [!] : take my place!, fill in for me!, substitute for me! {§27} amadaci [n] : representative {IX}

@ ame [radical-v] : regard, note, observe {VIII} ^ observe as in "observe (respect) their customs/holidays"?? ame [v] : respect (hold in high regard) {RA} ameda [n] : respect {IX} ameni [adj] : esteemed {page_87}

@ ami [radical-n] : mean, modify, normal {VIII} ^ mean in the sense of "average," modify in the sense of "to moderate" amio [adj] : normal, average {IX}

@ amo [radical-n] : climax, acme, summit {VIII} amo- [pfx] : super- (extremely) {page_59} amocin [n] : record (best achievement in sport) {IX} amodi [n] : top, peak {IX}

@ amu [radical-n] : pliant, supple, flex {VIII} amubi [n] : spring (flexing thing) {IX} amulio [adj] : elastic {IX}

@ an [particle] : she, her an [pron] : she, her anye [pron] : they (fem.), them (fem.), their (fem.) {§23}

@ ana [radical-p] : against, hostile, oppose {VIII} ana [prep] : against {§30,IX} ana po : contrary to {§30} anaban : attack {IX} anaka  [v] : oppose (be against) anala [v] : protest {IX} anaui [prep] : in spite of, despite {§30} ayana [prep] : opposite {IX} poyana : contrary -- on the contrary, but (when "but" = "on the contrary") {§30}

@ ane [radical-v] : avoid, shun, flee {VIII} ane [v] : avoid {RA} aneru [v] : flee (travel away from) {RA}

@ ani [radical-p] : under, fall, low, down {VIII} ani [prep] : under, below {§30} li ani : bottom -- to the bottom {§30} ania : downstairs {§30} anice [v] : support {IX} anili [adj] : down {IX} anio [adj] : low {IX} aniru  [v] : descend aniruda <N> [v] : descent anisi [v] : fall {IX} anisi [!] : get down! {§27} anisida [n] : fall {IX} anitayo [adj] : deep {IX} aniten [n] : tray {IX} ayani [adv] : below {§30}

@ ano [radical-p] : across, span, transfer {VIII} ano [prep] : across (located on the other side) {§30} ano- [pfx] : trans- {§30} anoli [adv] : across (going to the other side) {§30} annoda (ano+noda) [n] : transport {IX} anore [n] : bridge {IX}

@ anu [radical-v] : upset, revolt, disturb {VIII} ^ no usage/discussion in Book ~ reserve for possible repurposing?

@ apa [radical-n] : store, supply, furnish, equip {VIII} apakan [n] : store (for shopping), shop (a store) {VII,IX} lanayapa <N> [n] : vocabulary (supply of words)

@ ape [radical-n] : reptile with legs, creep {VIII} ^ no usage/discussion in Book ~ compare to ipe

@ api [radical-n] : insect with wings {VIII} api : bee {IX} apixa <N> : butterfly

@ apo [radical-p] : on, upon, over, impose, ride, tax {VIII} apo [prep] : on (located upon and touching) {§30} ^ "on - po, (with contact) apo" {§30} apodan [n] : tax {IX} apoli [prep] : onto apona [n] : roof {IX} ayapo [prep] : on top, top -- on top of, astride {§30}

@ apu [radical-n] : obscene, lewd, desire {VIII} ^ Searight's compounds do not match the radical definition very well. ^  He may have had some confusion between 'apu' and 'ipu' and perhaps ^  'apune' should have been 'ipune' apuda<?> [v] : hate {IX} apune<?> [n] : disgust {IX}

@ ara [radical-n] : master, tame, tyrant {VIII} arabino [n] : carriage {IX} arace [v] : control {IX} arada [n] : rule {IX} arane [n] : power {IX}

@ are [radical-n] : order, arrange, series {VIII} are [n] : order (arrangement) {IX} areka <N> [v] : arrange arelen <N> [n] : list, table (of data) lanayapayarelen <N> [n] : glossary, vocabulary list > soyare : organize

@ ari [radical-v] : reach, gain, come {VIII} ari [v] : come, arrive {VII,IX} arika [v] : reach (travel as far as), arrive at {RA} arili [prep] : till {IX} arise [v] : visit {VII}

@ aro [radical-n] : beauty, adorn, fair {VIII} aro [n] : beauty {RA} arona [n] : ornament, decorative thing {IX} arone [n] : art {IX} arovio [adj] : beautiful {IX}

@ aru [radical-v] : draw, pull, charm {VIII} aru [v] : pull {§27} arubi [n] : pump {IX} arucan [n] : drawer {IX} aruka [v] : pull {IX} arukada [n] : attraction, pull {IX} tanyaru <N> [n] : gravity

@ asa [radical-v] : prove, certain, ensure {VIII} asa [!] : certainly! {§27} asaua : certain -- for certain {§30} asayo [adj] : certain (sure) {IX}

@ ase [radical-v] : care, watch, keep {VIII} ^ add "monitor"? aseda [n] : care, watch {IX} aseki [!] : take care!, caution! {§27} asekio [adj] : awake {IX} asesi [!] : beware!, look out!, watch out! {§27}

@ asi [radical-n] : like, same, copy {VIII} asi : so, as, such {§30,IX} ^ asi zilani po kiva sokasaye, ti va daka asi jibici {VII} asi ... ci : as ... as {§30} asi [!] : just so! {§27} asi [v] : resemble ("isara be ukida to asi") {VII} asie : so many {§30} asiha [!] : told you so! {§27} asiko : so little ... {§30} asina [n] : copy {IX} asio [adj] : like, same {IX} asipan [!] : absolutely! {§27} asita : so much ... {§30} asiu [adv] : similarly, likewise (in the same way) {§30} asiua [conj] : as if {§30} asiua da : so as to {§28,30} assi (asi+si) : just as {§30}

@ aso [radical-n] : truth, faith, trust {VIII} ^ what a tangle! "You have confused the true and the real." aso [v] : trust, faith -- have faith in {RA} aso mi [!] : trust me! {§27} asoua [adv] : really {§30} asoyo [adj] : true {IX}

@ asu [radical-n] : slime, bog, mucus {VIII} ^ no usage/discussion in Book

@ ata [radical-v] : spread, stretch, wide {VIII} ^ add "extend, expansion" atalio [adj] : elastic {IX} atare : stretch {IX} atarenda [n] : expansion {IX} ataru [v] : stretch {IX} atayo [adj] : wide {IX}
 * atasada [n] : propaganda {IX}

@ ate [radical-n] : tube, pipe, cylinder {VIII} ate [n] : tube, pipe {RA} boyate <N> [n] : sausage, wiener goyate <N> [n] : torus, ring-shaped or doughnut-shaped object

@ ati [radical-v] : throw, shoot, missile {VIII} ati [v] : throw {RA}

@ ato [radical-n] : old, age, senior {VIII} ^ does this only mean contra-young or also does it also include contra-new? ato [adj] : old {§35}

@ atu [radical-n] : eight, octagonal {VIII} atu [num] : eight atupesuzu <N> [n] : octopus

@ au [particle] : but {VIII} ^ no usage in Book; KS says 'au' is a monosyllable, therefore it must be a ^  diphthong, but KS claims Sona has no diphthongs; see "SonaUiki Notes on ^   the Particles" for additional reasons why this morpheme should be retired.
 * au [conj] : but

@ aza [radical-v] : delay, slow, late, lazy {VIII} aza [adj] : late (tardy) {§27} ^ "tu aza (zi)" {§27} azabi [n] : brake {IX} azali [!] : slowly! {page_114} azani [adj] : hindered, impeded azasi [!] : slowly! {§27} azayo [adj] : slow {IX} riaza : late {IX} utoyaza [!] : too slow! {§27}

@ aze [radical-v] : accuse, blame {VIII} ^ no usage/discussion in Book aze [v] : accuse, blame {RA}

@ azi [radical-n] : vigor, active, vivid {VIII} azio [adj] : vigorous {RA} aziboro [adj] : vivid red {RA} aziroyo [adj] : brightly colored, vividly colored {RA} ^ azi- as a prefix of vivid color is mentioned in §22

@ azo [radical-n] : acid, bitter, sarcasm {VIII} azo [n] : acid {IX} azovio [adj] : bitter {IX} azomo <N> : lemon {RH} veroyazomo <N> : lime (fruit) {RH}

@ azu [radical-n] : storm, fury, violent {VIII} ^ does 'azu' by itself mean storm, violence, or both? azucio : violent {IX} azuvio [adj] : stormy {RA} tayazuvi [adj] : stormy -- very stormy {VII}

@ ba [radical-v] : strike, military, weapon {VIII} ba [v] : hit, strike {§33} baha [!] : bang! {§27} bani [n] : blow (an impact) {IX} baren [n] : whip {IX} baru [v] : fight (have a fight) {§33} bate [n] : rod, stick {§3,IX} batebi [n] : hammer {IX} baudu <N> [v] : bludgeon, pound on (hit repeatedly) {SU}

ba- [pfx] : military {IX} bacote [n] : arms (bladed weapons) {IX} badi [n] : military {IX} bara [n] : soldier baika [n] : bayonet bali [!] : to arms! {§27} basu [adj] : naval {§21} bayati [n] : artillery {§32} baze [!] : blast! {§27} bazo [v] : shoot (a gun), firing (of guns) {IX} bazo-uo [!] : fire! (shoot!) {§28} bazote [n] : arms (firearms) {IX}

ba [sfx] (creates a miscellaneous transitive verb) > laba : speak (a language) > suba : pour

@ ban [radical-v] : contest, fight, match {VIII} ban [n] : fight {IX} ban [n] : match (between competitors) {RA} bandi [n] : army {IX} > anaban : attack > lubanda : sport (competitive) sobanda [n] : competition {IX}

@ be [radical-p] : without, strip, undo, poor {VIII} be [prep] : without (not having) ^ "isara be ukida" {VII} be fa [!] : no chance! {§27} be fi [!] : without fail! {§27} be ken [!] : no doubt! {§27} be xafa [!] : no luck! {§27} beli [adv] : barely {§30} bero [adj] : white {§22,IX} berogin [n] : cotton (thread) {IX} berojen [n] : tin (the metal) {IX} berove [n] : cotton {IX} beu [adv] : lacking, wanting (lacking) {§30} beyo [sfx] : -less (not having) {§22} bezi [v] : need, lack, want (not have) {§35,IX} bezio [adj] : poor (have-not) {IX}
 * besi [!] : undress yourself! {§27}

@ ben [radical-n] : clean, bathe, polish {VIII} ben [v] : cleanse, clean up {RA} > bendia : bathroom bengin [n] : cloth (washcloth), washrag {IX} bensuda [n] : wash<?> {IX} ^ being British this might mean "doing the laundry" or "doing the dishes" benya [n] : bath {VII,IX} benyo [adj] : clean {IX} jaben [v] : polish (rub-clean) {IX} > jebenni : bright

@ bi [radical-p] : by, use, tool {VIII} bi [prep] : by (by means of as in "come by bus"), with (utilizing...) {RA} bi [prep] : by (done by as in "jidi akeda bi tu") bi [v] : use, utilize ^ "ubani da bi sucandia" {VII} bi ira : by force {§30} bia [n] : way<?> {IX} bida [n] : usage, utilization {VII,IX} biji [n] : servant {IX} bika [v] : use, utilize {RA} bikora [n] : page boy, bellhop {VII} bina [n] : instrument {IX} bine [n] : system, way (of doing) {IX} bino [n] : cart, carriage, wagon {IX} biu [adv] : in use (being used), actively (in use) {§30} bixoda [n] : advertisement (advertising) {IX} bixolen [n] : advertisement {IX} > bivelen : toilet paper > bidia : restroom
 * bili [prep] : for (to be used for ~ Searight: "for the use of") {§30}

bi [sfx] : instrument, tool {§15} kosebi <N> [n] : magnifying glass konsebi <N> [n] : microscope utisebi <N> [n] : telescope > cebi : key > cobi : knife > denbi : spade > dubi : stick > ginbi : net > ilebi : stamp > jabi : brush > kubi : tray > oribi : clock > tebi : handle > ugubi : hook

^ KS used -bi to name bodyparts when better choices were unavailable > gabi : organ (of the body) > labi : lip > rabi : penis
 * bi [sfx] : organ of the body

@ bin [radical-n] : utensil {VIII} bin [n] : utensil (especially for household tasks) > adebin : basin > kobin : pot > subinko : bucket > tebin : cup > zobin : kettle > ikuzobin : pan

bio [sfx] : useful for... ^ Searight gives the poor example rabio = phallic lebio <N> [adj] : writing (made for writing as in "lebio velen") {SU}

@ bo [radical-n] : flesh, blood, german (meaning "related") {VIII} ^ "german" an example of Searight's love for obscure senses of English words boci [n] : butcher {§14} bocia [n] : butchershop {§15} boga [n] : flesh {§15} boji [n] : blood relative, relation (related person) {§14,IX} bona [n] : meat (for eating) {§15,IX} bora [n] : brother {§4,IX} boranin [n] : nephew {§14} boro [n/adj] : carmine color, red (blood red) {§22,IX} bosu [n] : blood {IX} boxa <N> [n] : ruby bozan [n] : sister {§14,IX} bozannin [n] : niece {§14}

@ bon [radical-n] : plenty, wealth, bounty {VIII} ^ no usage/discussion in Book bon [n] : wealth, riches {RA}

@ bu [radical-n] : smell, fume, smoke, kiss {VIII} ^ there is no evidence for the "smoke" claim in the radical description buda [n] : smell {IX} buga [n] : nose {IX} bugafu [n/v] : sneeze {IX} buna [n] : smell {IX} busa [v] : kiss {IX} busana [n] : kiss {IX} bute [n] : nose {§3} ^ are 'buga' and 'bute' synonyms or is there a difference in meaning?

@ bun [radical-n] : taste, savor {VIII} bun [n] : flavor, taste (of food) {RA}

by : 'b' (the name of this letter of the alphabet) {§8}

@ ca [radical-n] : four, square, rectangle {VIII} ^ as suffix often names rectangular things like "sheet" and "field" ca [num] : four cagun [n] : square (four-angled thing?) {IX} cason [num] : 400 {§19} caya [n] : square (plaza) {IX} cayedi [num] : forty cayedido [num] : 42 {§19} cayedio [adj] : 40th {§19} cayodi [n] : Thursday {§20} > lukaca : stage (for performance before an audience) > veca : field (area of open land) > loca : park (public space) > veloca : garden {IX}

@ can [radical-n] : box, cell, case, room {VIII} can [n] : box, case, compartment > arucan : drawer > cecan : safe (lockable box) > ducan : crate > pazocan : oven > tacan : chest

@ ce [radical-v] : fix, secure, support {VIII} ceba [v] : lock {IX} cebani [adj] : locked, fixed (= unchanging?) {IX} cebi [n] : key {§15,IX} cecan <N> [n] : safe (lockable box) cega [n] : sinew, tendon {§15} ceika [n] : pin {IX} ceiro [n] : star {IX} ^ ce- indicates fixed star, not planet; cannot mean "morning star" (Venus) cekadi [n] : police {IX} cekadikaya [n] : police headquarters {VII} celena [n] : cheque {IX} celeni [adj] : registered {VII} ceme [v] : decide {RA} cemeda [n] : decision {IX} cemo [n] : button (on a shirt etc.) {IX} cena [n] : lock {§15,IX} ceni [adj] : fixed {IX} cepo [n] : cover {IX} cero [n] : wax (as in "sealing wax") {IX} cesi [!] : still -- stand still! {§27} ceu [adv] : safely ^ either typo in Book or Searight was thinking of an obscure sense of "safe"
 * cezoi<?> : safe {IX}

@ cen [radical-v] : shut, stop, bar, gate {VIII} cen [!] : stop! {§27,page_114} cen mindu [!] : shut the door {§27} cenba dulo [!] : shut the door {VII} cenba [v] : close (a door etc), shut {RA} cenya [n] : stop (as in "bus-stop"?) {IX} cenni [adj] : shut, closed {IX}

@ ci [radical-n] : which, refer, some {§3,VII,IX} ci [pron] : who (relative pronoun), which (relative pronoun) cia [adv] : somewhere {§23} ciahe [adv] : wherever, where-ever {§30} cida [sfx] : -ery (practice of a trade or profession) {§16} cidi [adj] : some (some part/amount of ...) {§23} ci di [adj] : some (some part/amount of ...) {IX} cie [adj] : so many {§23} cien [adj] : certain -- a certain one, particular -- a particular one {§13,IX} cieta [adj] : some more {§23} cigi [n] : things (belongings) {IX} ciji [pron] : someone, somebody {§23} cina [n] : something, thing (singular) {§23,IX} cine [n] : relation {IX} cine [sfx] : -ology (theory of / study of) {§16} ^ note apparent homophones cira [pron] : someone (masc.), some man {§3,23} ciri [adv] : sometimes {§23} ciru [v] : refer {§3} cisi : whose {§23} cita [adj] : so much {§23} ciu [adv] : somehow {§23,30} ciua [prep] : about (concerning; on the topic of) {IX} civi [adj] : some kind of {§23} civi [sfx] : art of ... (see §16), craft of ... (see §16) {§16} ^ note apparent homophones

ci [sfx] : (person who does X especially as a profession) {§14} > boci : butcher > idakaci : manager > jibici : personal agent > jileci : secretary > muci : barber

cia [sfx] : business-place, boutique {§15} > bocia : butchershop > panacia : bakery > jitolencia : passport office > lenocia : post office

@ cin [radical-n] : grade, scale, step {VIII} ^ add "degree, level" cin [n] : grade, degree, level {IX} cinne [n] : scale {IX} cinyu [n] : gradually {§30} > pecin : step > rucin : rate (of speed etc)

cio [sfx] : (creates active participle as in "inecio ra" a sleeping man) ^ described in §22 but Searight's examples are a little weak > ilocio : hanging > unicio : dependent

@ co [radical-v] : cut, kill, knife {VIII} co [v] : cut coba [!] : crash! {§27} cobi [n] : knife {IX} codo [n] : scissors {IX} coko [n] : ant {IX} coni [n] : cut {IX} > haco : insect > sancoda : surgery

@ con [radical-n] : crush, dust, powder {VIII} con [!] : crunch! {§27} conba : crush {IX} lecon <N> [n] : toner (in a copier or laser printer) > sucon : sand

@ cu [radical-v] : wish, want, hope {VIII} cu [v] : wish, want (want to have or want to do) {VII} cula [v] : wish (aloud for something as in "mi culatu ju inotori") cu mi xafa [!] : wish me luck! {§27} cu ua [!] : would that ... (oh how I wish) {§27} cu ui [!] : with pleasure! {§27}

@ cun [radical-n] : whim, caprice {VIII} cun [n] : whim, caprice, impulse (sudden urge to do)

cy : 'c' (the name of this letter of the alphabet) {§8}

@ da [radical-v] : do, act, to (infinitive verb marker) {VIII} da [v] : do (tu da ke - what are you doing?) da [pcl] to (indicating an infinitive verb as in mi cu da ru - I want to go) dalen [n] : programme (planned sequence of actions) {IX} dane [n] : deed {§3} dasi [v] : act {IX} dasini [n] : act {IX} daxa [n] : act -- a kind act, deed -- a nice deed {§17} da mie : let's do... ("da mie zi soji" = let's be friends) da zia : let there be... (as in "da zia iro") daka asi : acting as ... (performing the function of) {VII}

da [sfx] : (indicates a "verbal noun" or perhaps a deverbal noun) {§16} > ageda : meeting > dilakada : discussion > insada : learning > zida : existence

@ dan [radical-n] : value, money, price {VIII} dangi [n] : money {IX} danko [n] : change (money) {IX} danlena [n] : note (piece of paper currency) {VII} danne [n] : value {IX} dannu [n] : change (money) {IX} danxa [n] : reward money {IX} danya [n] : bank (money-place) {IX} > abadan : fine (penalty) didan [n] : discount {VII} indan [n] : income {§24} kedan : how much does it cost? undan [n] : expenditure, spending {§24}

@ de [radical-p] : through, hole, pierce {VIII} de [prep] : through de [v] : pierce, penetrate {RA} decen [n] : cork (in a botton) {IX} deu [adv] : thoroughly {§30} deua [adv] : throughout {§30}

@ den [radical-n] : tooth, bite, plough, dig {VIII} den [v] : bite {IX} den [n] : tooth {IX} dena [n] : hole {IX} denbi [n] : spade {IX} denda [n] : bite {IX} denga [n] : tooth {IX} dengayo [adj] : dental {RA} dente [n] : fork {IX} > agaden : plough, plow > muden : comb

@ di [radical-p] : of, part, limb {VIII} di [prep] : of (meaning "part of" not just "loosely associated with") di [n] : part (as in zadi - vandi - umidi - etc) di [adj] : some (an unspecified amount of e.g. di velen / di mujali su) dibana [n] : smash {IX} dica [n] : area {§15} dici [num] : ten {§19} dicina usu : ten pieces of silver {§19} dicio [adj] : tenth {§19} dicitan [num] : ten thousand, myriad {§19} dida [n] : dividing {§16} diga [n] : limb (arm or leg), paw {§15} dikan [n] : apartment, flat {§15} diko [num] : half {§19} dikohori [n] : half an hour {§20} dilaka [v] : discuss {IX} dilakada [n] : discussion {IX} dili [prep] : for (to benefit / in exchange for) {IX} dima [n] : district {§15} dina [n] : part, piece, branch {§15,IX} dine [n] : division {§16} diri [n] : day (period of 24 hours) {§16,20} dirilen <N> [n] : diary {SU} dite [n] : finger {IX} diu [adv] : separately {§30} divi [n] : particularity {§16}

dia [sfx] : room (in a building), compartment {§15,IX} bendia <N> [n] : bathroom (including a bathtub or shower) {o8} bidia [n] : restroom {VII} engidia [n] : single room (room for one) gelendia [n] : library (a reading room in one's house) {IX} kipadia <N> [n] : kitchen padia <N> [n] : dining room sucandia [n] : restroom, WC (water closet) {VII}

@ din [radical-n] : party, sect, creed {VIII} din [n] : party (political) {§21} din [n] belief, religion {IX} > kaisadin : political party

@ do [radical-n] : two, both, bi- {VIII} do [num] : two do di : two parts {§19} dodici [num] : twelve {§19} dodicigi [n] : party of twelve {§19} dodicina [n] : dozen {§19} dogi [n] : pair dogio [adj] : double {§19} dona [n] : pair of ... doyedi [num] : twenty {§19} doyedina [n] : score (twenty units of ...) {§19} doyedixi [num] : twenty-six {§19} doyo [adj] : second (ordinal) {§19} doyodi [n] : Tuesday {§20} doyu [adv] : secondly {§19}

@ don [radical-v] : give, grant, issue {VIII} don [v] : give donxa [n] : tip, pourboire, gratuity {§17} > kidon : offer undon [v] : present {VII} xadonni [adj] : favored {VII}

@ du [radical-n] : wood, nut, hard {VIII} du <N> [n] : wood dubi [n] : stick {IX} ducan [n] : crate, case (large wooden crate) {VII} duiku [n] : board {IX} dulo [n] : door {IX} duma [n] : wood(s) {IX} dumo [n] : nut (of tree) {IX} duna [n] : stick {IX} dure [n] : tree {IX} durevohuda [n] : moaning of the wind in the trees {§5} > ledu : pencil > lemadu : writing table > mindu : door > tendu : shelf
 * as suffix often denotes things that were made of wood in Searight's time

@ dun [radical-n] : horn, shell, crust {VIII} dun [n] : horn (of animal) {IX} ditedun <N> [n] : fingernail

dy : 'd' (the name of this letter of the alphabet) {§8}

@ e: many, frequent, plural {VIII}

e [pfx] : (forms comparatives and superlatives) {§22} eta : more, greater {§22} en eta : most {§22} eko : less {§22} en eko : least {§22} en ekoya : smallest {§22} eyaka : taller {§22}

e [pfx] : (indicates frequency) {VIII} eyen [adv] : once {§19} eyenna [adv] : once (= eyen) {§19} edo [adv] : twice, times -- two times {§19} etin [adv] : three times, times -- three times {§19} eu [adv] : again {§30}

e [pfx] : many {VIII} e ci : as many as, many -- as many as {§23,30} eri [adv] : often, frequent, repeatedly {§18,30,IX} ekora [n] : boy -- many boys {§18} emen : number<?> {IX} emenna [n] : number<?> {IX}

e [sfx] : (indicates plural - used only when necessary) {§18} > koraye : boys {§18}

eha [!] : encore! {§27} ekasi [!] : lead on! {§27} eru [!] : go on! {§27,page_114} eua [conj] : now (indicating different viewpoint or slight change of topic) ^ eua, zaxiodi to suki. "Now, last Sunday was wet." {VII} eui [!] : rather!, certainly (indicating intense agreement) {§27} euke [!] : try again! {§27}
 * another group of e- words, mostly interjections

edi [sfx] : tenfold, multiplied by 10 {§19} > doyedi : twenty > tinyedi : thirty > cayedi : forty > penyedi : fifty > xiedi : sixty > zunyedi : seventy

en [pcl] : the (emphatic definite article) {§13} en [pron] : it, its {VIII} enye [pron] : their (neut.), them (neut.), their (neut.) {§23}

en [pfx] : one (contraction of "enna") endici [num] : eleven {§19} engediko [num] : one and a half {§19} engina [n] : unit, singleton {§19} engio [adj] : single {§19} engiu [adv] : separately {§30} enyo [adj] : first (ordinal) {§19,IX} enyodi [n] : Monday {§20} enyu [adv] : firstly {§19,30}

ena [adj] : every, each {§18,23,IX} ena diri : every day {§20} ena xi diri : every six days {§20} ena xio diri : every sixth day {§20}

enna [num] : one, single -- a single one {§13} enna ori : 01:00, one o'clock in the morning {§4} ennadici [num] : eleven (= endici) {§19}

enu [adj] : every other {§23} enu diri : every other day {§20} poyenu [adv] : alternately (taking turns) {§30}

@ fa [radical-n] : chance, luck, risk, perhaps {VIII} fa [n] : luck, chance (happenstance) {RA} ^ "xafatu" {§27} fa [pcl] : (indicates possibility: fa to ru = might have gone) {§34} faba [v] : surprise {IX} fabada [n] : surprise {IX} fada [n] : event {IX} fake [!] : well! {§27} falio [adj] : possible {IX} faliu [adv] : possibly {§30} fane [n] : chance {IX} ^ does this mean opportunity or randomicity? fazi [adv] : perhaps {§30}

@ fan [radical-n] : fancy, myth, fiction, pretend {VIII} ^ add "assume" fan [n] : fiction {IX} fanru <N> [v] : pretend fanto <N> [!] : Once upon a time... (indicates start of fairy-tale) fanvasini [adj] : fairy-faced {§21} > lafan : story > mefan : idea > safan : theory

@ fe [radical-n] : false, cheat, trap, spurious {VIII} fe [adj] : false {IX} fekada [n] : trick {IX} feyo [adj] : bad (spurious) {IX}

@ fen [radical-n] : defect, fault, wrong {VIII} fen [n] : error {IX} fen [adj] : improper, wrong (contrary to rules) {VII} fen ua [!] : wrong -- you are wrong. {§27} fenko [n] : slip (= small blunder?) {IX} fenmi [!] : excuse me!, pardon me! {§27,page_113} fenyo [adj] : wrong (erroneous), incorrect {IX}

@ fi [radical-v] : fail, miss, slip, hardly {VIII} fi [adv] : hardly, scarcely {§30} fime [v] : forget {VII} fimeyen [!] : forget it! {§27} fiua [adv] : in vain {§30} fiui [adv] : merely, only just {§30}

fi [sfx] : (shows failure / incompetence cf. E-o prefixes mis- and fush-) {§30} > isafi : amateur (unskilled) > nefi : lose (to unwantedly cease having) > sufi : dribble

@ fin [radical-n] : feeble, weak, faint {VIII} ^ maybe add "fading out" or "extinguishing"? fin [adj] : weak, faint, attenuated {IX} finyuri [n] : winter {§20,IX} gafinyo [adj] : delicate {IX} > irofin : sunset

@ fo [radical-v] : fear, alarm, danger {VIII} fo [v] : fear (be afraid of) {RA} foga <N> [n] : adrenal gland fogasu <N> [n] : adrenaline foli [adj] : risky, dangerous (risky) foline [n] : danger {IX} foyale [n] : alarm (indication of danger)

@ fon [radical-n] : loud, noise, roar {VIII} fon [adj] : loud {IX} fonda [n] : noise {IX} > hufon : thunder {IX}

@ fu [radical-p] : out, exterior, foreign {VIII} fu [n] : exterior {§5} fu [adj] : external {§5} fu [prep] : out of {§5} fu [adv] : out (outward) {§5} ^ kan fu, fu kan, ru fu ~ page 20-21 fuga [n] : skin {IX} fugana [n] : leather {IX} fuiku [n] : terrace {IX} fula [v] : declare {VII} fuli [adv] : outwards {§32} fulo <N> [n] : exit (spot where one exits) {o8} furu [v] : exit, venture out, go out {VII} fusi [!] : get out! {§27} fuzo [n] : gun {IX} fuyu [adv] : externally {§30} afu [adv] : outside (located outdoors etc) efu [adv] : besides ("extra to" -KS) {§30} efuyu [adv] : exceptionally {§30}

@ fun [radical-n] : odd, strange, peculiar {VIII} funyo [adj] : odd, strange, peculiar, unusual {IX}

fy : 'f' (the name of this letter of the alphabet) {§8}

@ ga [radical-n] : physical, organic {VIII} ^ mostly used in naming body-parts gabi [n] : organ (of the body) {§15} gacan [n] : chest {IX} gace [n] : muscular system of the body {§15} gadio [adj] : physical {IX} gala [n] : voice {IX} game [n] : mind {IX} gapanyo [adj] : fat {IX} gapo [n] : coat {IX} garo [adj] : pink color {§22} gase [n] : eye {§15,IX} gasen [n] : sense (of taste touch sight etc?) {IX} gasere : view {IX} gasin [n] : frame {IX} gatan [n] : body {IX} gayaka [adj] : tall (of a person's height) {IX}

> cega : sinew > fuga : skin > huga : breath > iraga : muscle > itega : ear > kinga : root > laga : tongue > tega : arm
 * some examples of KS using 'ga' as a suffix in body-related concepts:

@ gan [radical-n] : matter, substance {VIII} ^ SonaUiki: "implies 'stuff' that does or receives an action" gan [n] : material, substance {IX} > imagan : property > pagan : food > pogan : clothing, dress > rogan : paint > sangan : medicine (medication)

@ ge [radical-p] : and, join, chain, link {VIII} ge [conj] : and {IX} ge [adv] : also {§30} gehin [conj] : and then {§30} gena [n] : joint {IX} gene [n] : connection (connectedness) {IX} geni po : connected with, associated with {VII} geru [v] : join (become part of) {IX} geu <N> [adv] : also, additionally geua [conj] : and now<?>, as well as {§30} geui [conj] : and yet {§30}

gelen [n] : book {IX} geren [n] : chain {IX}
 * as prefix indicating series of objects arranged into one thing

gekira [n] : bridegroom {§14} gekizan [n] : bride {§14} gepara [n] : father-in-law {§14} gera [n] : husband {§14} geranin [n] : son-in-law {§14} gerazan [n] : husband and wife, couple (married) {§14} gesini [adj] : married {IX} geuma [n] : mother-in-law {§14} gezan [n] : wife {§14} gezannin [n] : daughter-in-law {§14}
 * as prefix indicating relationship by marriage

> pange : altogether > ulage : chorus
 * as suffix

@ gen [radical-n] : compound, mix, blend {VIII} ^ SU says 'gen' implies benefical blending vs 'igi' implying harmful scrambling gen : mixture, blend, compound (of several substances) genni : mixed {IX} > hagen : chemical

@ gi [radical-n] : collect, gather, group {VIII} giada : company (a business enterprise), firm (a company) gidi : group {IX} gina : group, band (group of) {IX} gisoci : society {IX} gisone : company {IX} giuma : nation {IX}

gi [pfx] : (sometimes like ge- in German 'Gebr�der Grimm') {§18} ^ no examples of usage in Book; hard to explain to non-German-speakers; in ^  English we perform this function with word order rather than a prefix, ^  such as when we say "the brothers Grimm" or "the sisters Bront�"

gi [sfx] : (forms a collective noun; sometimes like Esperanto -aro) > hadagi : committee > imagi : goods, wares > melangi : band, orchestra > pigi : flock of birds > dogi : pair > tingi : trio

@ gin [radical-n] : texture, weave, net, web {VIII} ^ add "fabric" ginbi [n] : net {IX} ginca [n] : sheets (on a bed) {VII} ginda [n] : stitch {IX} ginna [n] : knot {IX} ginte [n] : needle {IX} > berogin : cotton > panyummagin : world wide web, internet > pegin : sock > rengin : canvas > xingin : silk > soginyo : complex, interwoven

gio [sfx] : (creates multiplicative adjectives) {§19} > engio : single > dogio : double > tingio : treble (threefold), triple

@ go [radical-n] : circle, wind, round, roll {VIII} ayego [adv] : around (located in surround position(s)) {§30} goli [adv] : around (moving into a surrounding position) {§30} goliu [adv] : circuitously {§30} gona [n] : circle {IX} gonu [v] : turn<?> (as in "turn over" or "roll over") {IX} ^ based on meanings of gonusi gonusi [!] : turn over!, roll over! {§27} goru [v] : turn, rotate {RA} goru en [!] : turn it around! {§27} gosi [!] : turn around! {§27} goxa [n] : ring (for one's finger) {IX} goyo [adj] : circular, round {IX} > lango : record (phonograph) > rugo : wheel

@ gon [radical-n] : ball, sphere, round {VIII} gon [n] : sphere, ball gonyo [adj] : round, spherical {IX} lugon <N> [n] : ball (for use in games) rugonda [n] : roll (a rolling movement) {IX}

@ gu [radical-n] : mouth, gap, gulf, gulp {VIII} gufu [v] : cough {IX} gula [n] : throat {IX} > pagu : mouth

@ gun [radical-n] : angle, corner, fork {VIII} gun [n] : angle, corner {IX} gundi [n] : branch, fork (place where X branches off) {IX} > cagun : square > pegun : knee

gy : 'g' (the name of this letter of the alphabet) {§8}

h [abbr] : (abbreviation of "hara") {§14}

@ ha [radical-n] : name, call, address, O! {VIII} ha [!] : Oh ...! (vocative exclamation) {RA}

haco [n] : insect {IX} hagen [n] : chemical {IX} haida [n] : state (government) {§21} hairo [n] : sun {IX} hairoyo [adj] : solar {RA} hairoiro <N> : sunlight haissa [n] : science {IX} hama [n] : locality, local {§13,21} hamen [n] : moon {IX} hamenyo [adj] : lunar {RA} haruba<?> : war ("haruba" might be a garble of "habaru") {IX} hatazu [n] : elephant {§13} hayagadi [n] : continent {RA} hayagadio [adj] : continental {VII}
 * as a prefix indicates primary form of something or headword of a category

hala [v] : call (someone), cry out {IX} halana <N> [n] : name {ha+lana} halani [n] : cry (as in "an eagle's cry") {IX} hani [adj] : named, known as (named) {IX} hasa [v] : know (be acquainted with someone) {SU}
 * refers to naming, calling or identifying people and things:

haisobi <N> [n] : Libra (sign of the zodiac) haraibo <N> [n] : Taurus (sign of the zodiac) hari [n] : Kronos, Time (personified) {§13} hasubaci <N> [n] : Aquarius (sign of the zodiac) hasun <N> [n] : Pisces (sign of the zodiac) hataran <N> [n] : Emperor (Tarot card) hataxe <N> [n] : Tiger (sign of the Chinese zodiac)
 * converts a common noun to a proper noun naming special/personified thing
 * hapi : Harpy<?> {13}

hara : Mr., Mister, sir {§13,14,IX} haranin : Master (young sir) {§14} hazan : Mrs, madam {§14,IX} hazannin : Miss {§14}
 * creates titles (i.e. forms of address):

> ruha : go (away)!
 * as a verb suffix, creates one form of the imperative:

ha nu [!] : now then. {§27} haua [!] : behold!, there you are!, voila!, here you go, jen! (E-o) {§27} > eha : encore! > juha : hurrah!, hooray! > xabaha : well done! > zeha : curses!
 * creates interjections:

baha : bang! hadagi [n] : committee {IX} hakacoda [n] : assassination {VII} hakaidaleci [n] : Secretary of State {VII}
 * other:

@ han [radical-n] : title, honour, noble {VIII} han [n] : honor (as in "mi han da" - I have the honor to ...) {VII}

@ he [radical-n] : any, general, public {VIII} he [adj] : any (whichever) {RA} heji [pron] : anyone, anybody {RA} kejihe [pron] : whoever?, who on earth? {VII} hedi [adj] : civil {§21} hegi [n] : public {IX} hegio [adj] : public, common (shared by all), general (shared) {IX} heibia [n] : market (public trading-place) {IX} heida [n] : civilization {§21} heisili : shared by one another (e.g. "unayo lasin heisili") hele [n] : prose {IX} hepaya [n] : restaurant {IX} hepi [n] : fowl {IX} heri [adv] : ever (at any time) {IX} heua [adv] : generally {§30} heve [n] : grass {IX} heyasi : such and such {§30} hezio [adj] : simple<?> {IX}

@ hen [radical-n] : common, vulgar, cheap {VIII} henyo [adj] : common (vulgar or low-quality), crappy, shoddy {IX} ^ the word "common" has different overtones in the UK vs the US agahenyo [adj] : mundane, ordinary, dime-a-dozen, run-of-the-mill

@ hi [radical-n] : class, category {VIII} hiada [n] : industry {IX} hiba <N> [v] : classify, categorize hidi : order (class), sort {IX} hisatori<?> : history {IX} hivi [n] : sort, kind (sort/type/class of...) {IX} ^ compare 'kevi'

@ hin [radical-p] : after, follow, sequence {VIII} hin [conj] : after {§30} hin [v] : follow ^ this verbal use is demonstrated in 'hinmi' {§27} hinli [adv] : afterwards, thereafter, subsequently {§30} hinmi [!] : follow me! {§27} hindiri [n] : following day, next day, subsequent day {§20} hinkari [n] : afternoon {§20} hinne [n] : effect {IX} hin ua [conj] : therefore {§28} ^ the space between hin and ua in the Book is probably a typo; not certain. hinyi [conj] : therefore {§30} hinyu [adv] : following (coming afterwards?) {§30} ahin [prep] : in the wake of, subsequent to {§30}

@ ho [radical-n] : special, define {VIII} hojio [adj] : special, unique (peculiar to one entity) homa [n] : home {§35} hori [n] : hour {§20,IX} horigediko [n] : hour and a half {§20}

@ hon [radical-n] : genuine, honest, rely {VIII} ^ might overlap 'aso' somewhat ^ no usage/discussion in Book ~ reserve for possible repurposing?

hn [abbr] : (abbreviation of "haranin") {§14}

@ hu [radical-n] : air, breath, wind, weather {VIII} hu [n] : air {IX} huba [v] : blow {IX} huca [n] : sail {IX} hucada [n] : sail {IX} hudi [n] : sky {IX} hufon [n] : thunder {IX} huga [n] : breath {IX} huka [v] : smoke (a cigarette etc) {IX} hukada [n] : smoking {VII} hukate [n] : pipe (for smoking) {IX} hukave [n] : tobacco {IX} huki : breath<?> {IX} ^ difference between 'huga' 'huki' hard to discern; 'huki' meant to be a verb? hula [n] : whistle {IX} huri [n] : weather {IX} huro [adj] : azure, sky blue {§22,IX} husu [n] : rain {IX} huvan [n] : cloud {IX}, fog {VII} huzo [n] : heat (high air temperature) {IX} bahu [n] : wind {IX} > puhu : fart
 * huissu [n] : snow {IX}

@ hun [radical-n] : gas, vapour, vapor, melt {VIII} hun [n] : gas {IX} irohun <N> [n] : neon suhun <N> [n] : water vapor upihun <N> [n] : helium zinhun <N> [n] : oxygen

hy : 'h' (the name of this letter of the alphabet) {§8}

hz [abbr] : (abbreviation of "hazan") {§14} hzn [abbr] : (abbreviation of "hazannin") {§14}

i [sfx] : (forms gerund - while doing X; when doing X) {VIII} ^ "tekai mi kapo mi ruto fu." "tu minrui cenba dulo." {VII}

i [sfx] : (indicates "male resident" of a country) {§12,14} > Angli : Englishman

ia [sfx] : (denotes name of a country) {§15} > Fransia : France > Irania : Persia, Iran

@ iba [radical-n] : stubborn, persistent, try {VIII} ^ no usage/discussion in Book

@ ibe [radical-v] : spend, waste, drain {VIII} ibeda [n] : waste (misuse?) {IX}

@ ibi [radical-n] : trade, commerce {VIII} ibida [n] : trade (commerce) {IX} ibidayo [adj] : commercial (business-related) {RA} inyibi [v] : buy {§24} inyibida [n] : purchase {RA} unyibi [v] : sell {§24} unyibida [n] : sale (an act of selling) {RA} > heibia : market (public trading-place)

@ ibo [radical-n] : cattle, buffalo {VIII} ibo [n] : cattle ibbo (ibo+bo) [n] : beef {IX} ibogi <N> : herd of cattle {SU} suibo <N> : water buffalo raibo [n] : bull {RA} zanyibo [n] : cow {IX}

@ ibu [radical-n] : choice, pick, critic {VIII} ibu [v] : choose, select, opt, pick (select an item) {RA} ibuda [n] : selection (act of selecting) {IX} ibugi [n] : selection (things selected) {IX} ibuki en [!] : try it (sample some of it)! {§27}

@ ida [radical-v] : direct, office, minister {VIII} idadi [n] : department {VII} idakaci [n] : manager {IX} idaya [n] : office (place) {IX}

@ ide [radical-n] : notch, dent, crack {VIII} ide [n] : crack {IX}
 * ide [!] : crack! {§27}

@ idi [radical-v] : scatter, sow, spray {VIII} idi [v] : scatter, spread (strew), broadcast {RA} idiba [v] : scatter (violently) aidi [adv] : apart, in pieces {§20} idili [adv] : apart, in pieces {RA} suidi <N> [v] : spray

@ ido [radical-v] : advise, prompt, urge {VIII} ido [v] : advise, prompt, urge {RA} idoni [n] : advice {RA}

@ idu [radical-n] : brittle, snap, rotten {VIII} idujen [n] : zinc {IX}

@ iga [radical-n] : salt, alkali, soda {VIII} iga [n] : salt {IX} igayo [adj] : saline {RA}

@ ige [radical-v] : cohere, stick, cling {VIII} ige [v] : stick (to), cling (to) igeven [n] : paste {IX} ^ -ven?? igegan <N> [n] : paste (adhesive), glue (paste) igevio [n] : sticky <misprinted in the Book as 'ugevio'> {IX}

@ igi [radical-v] : mix, confuse, puzzle {VIII} ^ probably indicates unhelpful mixing as opposed to 'gen' = helpful mixing igika [v] : confuse, mix up, scramble {RA} igine [n] : confusion (state of being confused or puzzled) {RA}

@ igo [radical-n] : convex, round, cheek {VIII} igoyo [adj] : convex, round (convex) {IX} zaigo <N> [n] : buttock(s)

@ igu [radical-n] : cone, horn, wedge {VIII} igu [n] : cone-shaped thing, funnel-shaped thing {RA}

@ ika [radical-n] : point, sharp, prick, just {VIII} ika [n] : point (sharp spot) {IX} ika [v] : sting {VII} ika [adv] : just (exactly) {§30} ika [!] : exactly!, just so! {§27} ikari [adv] : just (at the moment) {§30} ikate [n] : nail (fastener) {IX} ikaui : only just {§30} ikayasi : just like, precisely as {§30} ikayo [adj] : sharp {IX} > baika : bayonet > ceika : pin > itoika : end (goal), point (purpose) poika : point -- on the point of {§30}

@ ike [radical-v] : suggest, guess, hint, suppose {VIII} ike [v] : suggest, hint {RA} ikeni [n] : suggestion {IX}

@ iki [radical-n] : sudden, shock, flash {VIII} iki [!] : quick! {§27} ikiba <N> [v] : shock, startle ikibani [n] : shock {IX} ikio [n] : sudden, quick {IX} ikiri [adv] : at once, instantly {§30}

@ iko [radical-n] : narrow, thin, squeeze {VIII} iko [adj] : narrow {IX} ikoce [n] : collar {IX} ikoga [n] : neck {IX} peiko <N> [n] : ankle teiko <N> [n] : wrist

@ iku [radical-n] : flat, level, horizon {VIII} iku [adj] : flat {IX} ikuca [n] : plate {IX} ikucin [n] : floor, plane {IX} ikugo <N> [n] : horizon ikuna [n] : floor {IX} ikuxin [n] : plate (for dining) {IX} ikuyu [adv] : evenly {§30} ikuzobin <N> [n] : pan (for cooking/frying)

@ ila [radical-n] : bell, ring, jangle {VIII} ila [n] : bell {IX} ilaba [v] : ring {VII,IX} illan (ila+lan) [n] : ringing, tolling (of bells) {IX}

@ ile [radical-n] : trace, mark, print {VIII} ile [n] : mark {IX} ilebi [n] : stamp (tool that stamps) {IX} ileko [n] : stamp (postage) {IX} ilena [n] : stamp (e.g. mark made by a rubber-stamp) {IX} ille (ile+le) [v] : print {IX}

@ ili [radical-p] : near, about, approximate {VIII} ili [prep] : approximately, about (approximately), near {§30,IX} ili enna diri : about a day {§20} ili xi : about six {§20} ilia [adv] : nearby {§30} ilivari [adv] : soon {§30} ilizari [adv] : recently {§30} illi (ili+li) [adv] : almost, nearly {IX}
 * ili dirina : (= ili enna diri) {§20}

@ ilo [radical-n] : loose, hang, relax {VIII} ilo [adj] : loose {IX} ilocio [adj] : hanging {IX}

@ ilu [radical-n] : jest, laugh, merry {VIII} ilu [v] : laugh {IX} iluba [v] : mock, ridicule, laugh at {RA} iluda [n] : laugh {IX} ilukida [n] : smile {IX}

@ ima [radical-v] : have, belong, get {VIII} ima [v] : have {IX} ima di [!] : take some! {§27} imagan [n] : property {IX} imagi [n] : goods, wares {IX} imaji [n] : owner {IX} imaka [v] : get (acquire), obtain {IX}

@ ime [radical-n] : belief, opinion, convince {VIII} ime [v] : believe, hope {VII} ^ "mi ime inri tu sen esanyo." "imei ua rukanina va aritu ceu..." imene [n] : belief {IX}

@ imi [radical-p] : among, between, hiatus {VIII} imi [prep] : among, between {§30} imide [prep] : between {IX} imigiumadio<?> [adj] : international {VII} imiri [adv] : meanwhile {§30} aimi [adv] : amid, midst -- in the midst of {§30}

@ imo [radical-v] : suck, pump, digest {VIII} imove [n] : sponge {IX} > paimoda : digestion

@ imu [radical-n] : smooth, mild, gentle {VIII} imusenyo [adj] : delicate {IX} imuxinyo [adj] : smooth {IX} imuyo <N> [adj] : gentle, mild

@ in [particle] : this, latter {VIII} ^ add "current/most recent" in [pron/adj] : this (e.g. "in ne un aka" "su in velo") {VII} inye [pron/adj] : these {§23} in [pron/adj] : latter (most recently mentioned) indan [n] : credit (inward flow of funds cf. 'undan') {IX} indi [adv] : side -- on this side {§30} indiri [adv] : today {§20} indirie [adv] : nowadays, currently (these days) {§30} indiua [adv] : hand -- on the one hand... {§30} infusi [!] : come out! {§27} inkiuri [adv] : this spring {§20} inkori [adv] : directly (of time) {§30} inli [!] : this way! {§27} inli [adv] : hither, here -- to this place {§30} inno [v] : bring (toward the person speaking) {§24} innusi [!] : come back! {§27} inri [adv] : now {§30,IX} inridi [adv] : this week {§20} inru [v] : come {IX,§24} insa [v] : learn {RA} insada [n] : learning {IX} inse [!] : look here! {§27} insi [!] : come here! {§27} inta [adj] : this much (this amount) {§30} inte [v] : receive {VII} inteda [n] : receipt (act of receiving) {IX} intelen [n] : receipt (document) {IX} invandi [adv] : tonight {§20} inya [adv] : here (located at this place) {§30,IX} inyarili [adv] : yet (until now) {§30} inyu [adv] : thus (in this way), so (in this manner) {§30}

@ ina [radical-v] : cancel, destroy, wipe {VIII} ina [v] : destroy, abolish {RA} inada [n] : destruction {IX}

@ ine [radical-v] : sleep, latent, numb {VIII} ine [n] : sleep {IX} inefan <N> : dream ineru [v] : sleep {IX}

@ ini [radical-n] : quiet, peace, soothe {VIII} ini [n] : peace {IX} ini [!] : quietly! {§27} inine [n] : quiet {IX} inio [adj] : quiet {IX} inisi [!] : be quiet!, shut up! {§27} einisi [!] : quiet -- keep quiet! {§27}

@ ino [radical-n] : new, mend, convert {VIII} ino [adj] : new {IX} inolana <N> : neologism (new word) inotori : New Year {VII}

@ inu [radical-n] : other, vary, differ {VIII} inu : else {§30} inu [pron/adj] : another, other (the other) {VII} inua [adv] : elsewhere {§30} inudio [adj] : different {IX} poinu [adv]: otherwise {§30}

@ ipa [radical-n] : enough, suffice, comfort {VIII} ipa [adj] : enough, sufficient {IX} ipana [pron] : enough (of) ipaxa [n] : comfort {IX}

@ ipe [radical-n] : reptile, sinuous, crawl {VIII} ipe [n] : snake {IX} ipeko [n] : worm {IX}

@ ipi [radical-n] : insect, vermin {VIII} ^ no usage/discussion in Book

@ ipo [radical-n] : overlay, veneer, coat {VIII} ^ no usage/discussion in Book ~ reserve for possible repurposing?

@ ipu [radical-n] : disgust, loathe, shame {VIII} ^ see also 'apu' ipuda [n] : shame {IX}

@ ira [radical-n] : strength, fort, muscle {VIII} ba ira : by force {§32} iraga [n] : muscle {IX} irajen [n] : iron (the metal) {IX} irakan <N> [n] : fort (fortress) irau [adv] : strongly {§32} iraxin [n] : steel {IX} irayo [adj] : strong {IX}

@ ire [radical-p] : again, recur, continue {VIII} ^ "xadonni so ire kalani" = favored with further orders {VII} ire [adj] : further (continuing), recurring {VII,IX} ire [adv] : again {VII} ire [adv] : on (as in "keep on going" / "on and on") {IX} ireli [adv] : further (for additional instances) {§30} iresi [!] : keep on!, continue! {§27} iresi [v] : return ("rutocie nari iresi" {VII}) ireu [adv] : repeatedly {§30} ireua : moreover, besides (moreover) {§30} aireseda [!] : goodbye, see you later {§27} naire [!] : never again! {§27}

ire [sfx] : (indicates continuative verb aspect) {§36} ruire [v] : keep on going {§36} suire [v] : keep on raining {§36}

@ iri [radical-n] : recoil, react, spring {VIII} iri [v] : react, respond irida [n] : reaction {IX} irila [v] : answer, reply {VII,IX} irilan <N> [n] : echo irilani [n] : answer {IX} iriru <N> [v] : bounce irisebi <N> [n] : mirror

@ iro [radical-n] : light, shine, lamp {VIII} iro [n] : light (visible energy) {IX} irobi <N> [n] : lamp irodi [n] : day (the daylight hours) {§20} irofin [n] : sunset {§20} irofu <N> [v] : shine irokan<?> [n] : camera (perhaps 'irocan' was intended?) {IX} iroki [n] : dawn {§20} irokixa <N> [n] : morning glory (flower) irolen <N> [n] : photograph irolenbi <N> [n] : camera iropanyo [adj] : bright {IX} irore [n] : ray (of light) {IX} irovandi [adv] : day and night {§20} irovanyisodi <N> [n] : equinox {SR} irovuda<?> [n] : dawn {§21}

@ iru [radical-v] : vibrate, shake, thrill {VIII} iru [v] : shake, vibrate {RA} iruda [n] : shake {IX}

@ isa [radical-n] : skill, talent, craft, art {VIII} isa [n] : skill, talent {RA} isafi [adj] : amateur (unskilled) isavi [n] : art (skill) {IX} isayo [adj] : expert {IX} issa (isa+sa) [n] : science {IX}

@ ise [radical-v] : find, perceive, solve {VIII} ise [v] : find, discover {RA} iseda [n] : discovery {IX}

@ isi [radical-n] : mutual, exchange, one another {VIII} isi [pron] : each other (reciprocal pronoun), one another (reciprocal pronoun) isidio [adj] : common (shared) {IX} isilada [n] : argument {IX} isinu [v] : exchange {IX} isio <N> [adj] : mutual isiua [adv] : respectively {§30} abuisi [v] : love one another {§23} heisili [adj] : common to them, shared by all of them {VII}

@ iso [radical-n] : equal, even, balance {VIII} iso [adj] : equal {IX} isobi <N> [n] : balance (old fashioned scale) isodire [n] : parallel {IX} isone [n] : balance (state of being balanced) {IX} iso po : level with (on the same level as), even with (on the same level) {§30} isoriu [adv] : simultaneously {§30} isoua [adv] : all the same {§30} isoyu [adv] : equally {§30}

@ isu [radical-n] : cold, chill, frigid, keen {VIII} isu [adj] : cold {IX} isucon [n] : snow {IX} isuje [n] : ice {IX} isuyudeci [n] : icebreaker {VII}

@ ita [radical-v] : fill, charge, thorough {VIII} ita [adv] : quite {§30,IX} ita [v] : fill {§2} itaui [!] : quite so {§30} itani [adj] : full {IX}

@ ite [radical-n] : leaf, flap, blade, tongue (of shoe) {VIII} ite [n] : blade, flap {§2,IX} itega [n] : ear {IX} veite <N> [n] : leaf

@ iti [radical-n] : plan, object, intend {VIII} iti [v] : intend itilen <N> [n] : plan (written) itini [n] : intention (what one plans to do) itisini [n] : attempt {IX} itiu [adv] : purposely, deliberately, intentionally {§30} naitiu [adv] : unintentionally {§30}

@ ito [radical-n] : end, final, expire {VIII} ito [n] : end (final part), termination {§2,IX} itoika [n] : end (goal), point (purpose of an endeavor) {IX} itone [n] : death {IX} itoni [adj] : dead {IX} itoriu [adv] : eventually {§30} itoyo [adj] : last, final {IX} poito [adv] : ultimately {§30}

@ itu [radical-n] : cube, block, dice {VIII} itu [n] : block (squarish piece of any material) {RA} > agaitu : brick

@ iza [radical-n] : pause, hover, hesitate {VIII} iza [v] : pause {RA} izafi <N> [v] : hesitate

@ ize [radical-n] : clumsy, stupid, blunder {VIII} izeji <N> [n] : dolt, klutz, blockhead izeyo <N> [adj] : clumsy, stupid

@ izi [radical-n] : ease, simple, light {VIII} ^ 'izi' for "easy", LOL izio <N> [adj] : easy

@ izo [radical-n] : pain, hurt, ache {VIII} izo [n] : pain, hurt, ache {IX}

@ izu [radical-n] : rough, crude, raw {VIII} izuvio [adj] : rough {IX}

@ ja [radical-v] : rub, scratch, jerk, rough {VIII} ja [!] : bother!, crap! {§27} jabi [n] : brush {IX} jada [n] : rub {IX} jakine [n] : trouble {IX} jasenyo [adj] : rough {IX}

@ jan [radical-v] : gnaw, grind, chew, rodent {VIII} jan [n] : rat {IX}

@ je [radical-n] : stone, hard, stiff, stern {VIII} jebenni [adj] : bright {IX} jebero [n] : chalk {IX} jeigegan <N> [n] : mortar (adhesive for bricks) jeilo [n] : jelly {IX} jelen [n] : card {IX} jelio [adj] : hard (especially difficult), difficult (hard to do/resolve) {VII} jema [n] : mine (where minerals are obtained) {IX} jemuro [adj] : dun color {§22} jenaro [adj] : slate colored {§22} jereni [adj] : stiff {IX} jero [adj] : grey, gray {§22,IX} jesio [adj] : hard {IX} jexa [n] : jewel {§17,IX} jeyo [adj] : stern {§4} jezi [v] : stern -- to be stern {§4} > zoje : coal

@ jen [radical-n] : metal, courage, coin {VIII} jen [n] : metal jenko [n] : penny, copper (a low-value coin) {IX} jenmo [n] : nut (fastener) {IX}

@ ji [radical-n] : person, human, private {VIII} jibici [n] : personal agent {VII} jibilen [n] : patent {IX} jidi [adj] : personal <?> jidiubizamelen [n] : resume (record of personal services) jileci [n] : secretary {IX} jiko [n] : child {§13,23} jimeni [n] : opinion {IX} jio [adj] : private, personal {IX} jisada [n] : experience {IX}

ji [sfx] : person (who has stated quality) cf. Esperanto -ulo {§14} > biji : servant > boji : blood relative > ciji : someone, somebody > imaji : owner > kaji : chieftain > keji : who? > soji : friend > toruji : passenger

@ jin [radical-n] : spirit, soul, ghost, fairy {VIII} jinzema <N> [n] : hell

@ jo [radical-n] : God, idol, ideal, sacred {VIII} jocida [n] : evangelism <?> {§16} jocine [n] : theology {§16} jocivi [n] : priestcraft {§16} joha [!] : Oh God! {§27} jokan [n] : church {IX} jolatu [!] : God bless you! {§27} jolitu [!] : God be with you! {§27} jomi [!] : my God! {§27} ajo [!] : goodbye {§27}

@ jon [radical-n] : magic, spell, occult {VIII} jon <N> [n] : magic, sorcery jonsu <N> [n] : potion, elixir (magical) jonyo <N> : magical

@ ju [radical-n] : delight, happy, toy, glad {VIII} ju [adj] : pleasant (e.g. juari), happy ju [v] : please (give pleasure to) {page 105} ju inotori [!] : happy new year! juari [!] : welcome! {§27} juda [n] : pleasure {IX} juha [!] : hurrah!, hooray! {§27} juise <N> [v] : like (enjoy), appreciate (like), enjoy jukiri [!] : good morning! {§27} juluda [n] : amusement {IX} juniri [!] : good evening! {§27} juri [!] : good day! {§27} juvan [!] : good night! {§27} juvio [adj] : happy {IX}
 * un ju mi : I like that; that pleases me

@ jun [radical-n] : young, fresh, junior {VIII} jun [adj] : young (e.g. "zii jun mi akasi ki" VII) junyo [adj] : young {IX}

jy : 'j' (the name of this letter of the alphabet) {§8}

@ ka [radical-v] : lead, cause, chief {VIII} ka [v] : lead {§4} kaba [v] : urge {§32} kaca [n] : province {§15} kaci [n] : leader, guide {§14} dakaci [n] : conductor (on a train) {VII} kada [n] : leading {§16} kadi [n] : head {IX} kafoci [n] : terrorist {VII} kaida [n] : government {§21,IX} kaidakacia [n] : government official's office {§21} kaidora [n] : consul {VII} kaisadin [n] : political party {§21} kaisadio [n] : political {IX} kaji [n] : chieftain {§14} kala [v] : instruct (tell what to do), order (tell to ship merchandise) kalana [n] : order (command) {IX} kama [n] : point d'appui (where troops assemble) {§15} kaman [!] : leave it! {§27} kaminci [n] : hall porter {VII} kaminya [n] : hall {VII} kane [n] : leadership {§16} kapo [n] : hat {VII,IX} kara [n] : officer (of the military etc) {§14} kari [n] : noon {§16,20} karipa [n] : lunch {VII} karune [n] : process {IX} kasida [n] : behaviour {IX} kauri [n] : summer {§20,IX} kavan [n] : midnight {§20} kavi [n] : superiority {§16} kaya [n] : headquarters {§15} kayasada [n] : insurance {IX} kayo [adj] : chief, principle, primary {§4,21} kayokan [n] : headquarter building, town hall {§15} kayosakan [n] : university {VII} kayosama [n] : university {IX}
 * kakan : (= kayokan) {§15}
 * kayarien [!] : send for it! {§27}

ka [pfx] : render, make (something happen), (creates a causative verb) {§4} ^ impart quality X or dlivery substance X to Y kasa [v] : inform {VII} kasani [n] : news {IX} kasin [v] : make (give form to?) {IX} kasu [v] : liquify, liquefy {§33} kaure [v] : adjust {SU} kaureda [n] : adjustment (making more correct), correction {IX} kazi <N> [v] : make (cause to exist), create

ka [sfx] : (creates a transitive verb) {§4} soka [v] : help (give assistance to) suka [v] : irrigate, water (give water to) > aruka : pull > ruka : send

@ kan [radical-n] : house, build, construct {VIII} kan [n] : building (a house or any type of structure) {§6,IX} kanba <N> [v] : construct (a building), build (a house etc) kanyo [adj] : domestic (house-related) {§22} akan [prep] : inside (within a building) {§30,IX}

@ ke [radical-p] : what?, query, ask, interrogative {VIII} ke : what? ke dai : what are you doing? {§23} ke na : or not? {§25} keci [adj] : which? {§25} keha [!] : what a ...! keha vo [!] : what a pity!, that's a shame! {§27} keji : who? {IX} kela [v] : inquire, ask (a question) keli [adv] : whither?, where -- to what place? {§23} kena : what? keni [n] : question {IX} keori [adv] : at what time?, when (by clock time)? keri [adv] : when (in general terms)? {IX} kesantu : how are you feeling? kesi [adj] : whose? {§25} keta [adj] : how much? {§25} ketori : how old? {§20} ketoritu : how old are you? {§20} keu [adv] : how? {IX} keulana <N> [n] : adverb keua [adv] : why? {IX} kevi [adj] : what kind of? {§25} keya [adv] : where? {IX} keye [adj] : how many? {§25}

@ ken [radical-p] : if, doubt, suspect, precarious {VIII} ken X hin Y : if X then Y {§30} ken [conj] : if, whether {§30,IX} kenda : doubt {IX} ken fa : if possible {§30} ken na : if not {§30} ken ni : if possible {§30} kenni [n] : suspect (in a crime) {VII}

@ ki [radical-n] : start, begin, ready, prepare {VIII} ki [v] : begin, prepare kila mi [!] : wake me! {§27} tu kizi [!] : you are early {§27} kidon [v] : offer {IX} kili [n/adj] : east {IX} kimo [n] : seed {IX} kini [adj] : ready, prepared {IX} kio [adj] : early {IX} kipa [v] : cook (prepare food) {IX} kipaci [n] : cook {IX} kira [n] : youth (young man) {§14} kiri [n] : morning {§20,IX} nukiri [n] : morning -- the other morning (a recent morning) {VII} kiru [v] : get, become {IX} kiruda : growth, development {IX} kisa <N> [n] : study {SD} kisaci <N> [n] : student (of any gender) kisara [n] : student (male) {VII} kiua [adj] : already {§30} kiuri [n] : spring (season) {§20,IX} kiva [adj] : previous, prior {VII} kiva [adv] : before (previously) {§30} kivacilani [adj] : aforementioned, previously mentioned {VII} kivadirio [adj] : previous day's kizan [n] : maid(en) {§14} kizinda [n] : birth {IX}
 * kizi [v] : ready -- be ready (an nari kizi = she is never ready) {page 65}
 * kizi <N> [v] : become (begin to be), turn into (become)

ki [sfx] : (creates inceptive aspect of verb) ^ in practice Searight almost always used 'ki' as an inceptive >prefix< > ruki : start (begin to travel)

@ kin [radical-n] : root, origin, cause {VIII} kin [conj] : because ^ mi nali ari a karipa kin kiua siadani kin [n] : cause, reason for, origin {VIII,IX} kindileni [n] : official letter {VII} kinga [n] : root {IX} kinlana <N> : radical (root-word) {SR} ^ I think kinlen only makes sense if referring to "a family tree" kinyara [n] : authority (right to command) {IX} kinyaraji [n] : authority (person) {IX} pokin [prep] : due to, on account of {§30}
 * kinlen [n] : tree {IX}

@ ko [radical-n] : small, few, less, child {VIII} ko [n] : child ko [adj] : little, small {IX} ^ mi ima cana ko can ko ci : as little as {§30} ko ne : less than {§30} kobin [n] : pot {IX} kodanyo [adj] : cheap, inexpensive {IX} kodi [n] : piece, bit {§19,IX} kojiko [n] : baby {IX} kokora [n] : small boy {§17} kokoyo [n] : rather small {§22} kono : parcel {IX} kora : boy {§14,IX} kori [n] : minute (of time) {§20,IX} koyu [adv] : little {§30} kozan [n] : girl {§14,IX}
 * korakadi : boy -- boy's head {§21}
 * korako : boy -- small male child {§17}
 * korata : boy -- a well grown boy {§17}
 * koraye : boys {§18}

@ ko [pfx] : (as prefix used with numbers indicates decimal point) {§19} > konatin : .03 (point zero three)

@ ko [pfx] : (as prefix to an adjective indicates small degree) {§19} kotayo : somewhat big {§22}

@ ko [sfx] : (forms fractions e.g. tincako = 3/4) {§19}

@ ko [sfx] : (as suffix is sometimes diminutive like Esperanto -et-) {§17} > kojiko : baby > moko : berry husuko <N> : sprinkle (light rain) > suko : drop (of liquid) {IX} suroko : light blue, pastel blue mankosi : wait a little bit

@ kon [radical-n] : minute, atom, germ, speck {VIII} kon : small, tiny {IX} > konsebi : microscope

@ ku [radical-v] : lie, supine, bed, lay {VIII} kubi : tray {IX} kuce : rest {IX} kuna : bed {IX} kusi [!] : lie down! {§27}

@ kun [radical-n] : base, seat, sit, set {VIII} kun : seat {IX} kundi : base {IX} kundu <N> [n] : chair kunluban <N> [n] : baseball kunsi [!] : sit down! {§27} kunya : seat {IX} kunyeli [!] : to your places! (en voiture) {§27}

ky : 'k' (the name of this letter of the alphabet) {§8}

@ la [radical-v] : say, tongue, voice {VIII} la [v] : say, tell {VII,IX} laba [v] : speak (a language) labi [n] : lip {IX} labio [adj] : labial laci [n] : speaker (person who is speaking) {RA} lafan [n] : story {IX} laga [n] : tongue {IX} laka [v] : tell {VII} lakada [n] : talk {IX} lakana [n] : account (story) {IX} lakani [n] : story {IX} lana [n] : word {IX} > inolana : neologism (new word) > kinlana : radical (root-word) > lanayapa : vocabulary (supply of words) larin [n] : poetry {RA} larindi [n] : verse {IX} lasin [n] : language {IX} vala <N> [v] : predict

@ lan [radical-n] : sound, play, music {VIII} lan [n] : sound {IX} lango [n] : record (phonograph) {IX}

@ le [radical-v] : write, design, letter {VIII} le [v] : write {RA} leda [n] : writing {IX} ledu [n] : pencil {IX} lemadu [n] : writing table, desk {VII} leni [n] : letter (postal) {IX} leniko <N> [n] : message (short written message), note (written) adaleni [n] : business letter {VII} leno [n] : post (mail) {IX} lenocia [n] : post office {VII} lenoyo [adj] : postal {RA} lesada [n] : reading {IX} lesin : design {IX} lesu [n] : ink {IX} lete [n] : pen {IX} leuga <N> [n] : letter (written symbol), glyph leziu [adv] : literally {§30}

@ len [radical-n] : document, book, read {VIII} > gelen : book > malen : map > velenna : page > xolen : notice len [v] : read {RA} lenda [n] : reading, lecture {VII} jilen [n] : identification (identity papers) {VII} jitolen [n] : passport {VII} jitolencia [n] : passport office {VII}
 * lenyako<?> : summary, digest (shorter text), synopsis {SU2004}

@ li [radical-p] : to, towards, direct, point {VIII} li [prep] : to (towards), for (to benefit) {§30,IX} li : (indirect object marker) xo inye li on {§23} lia [n] : room, space {IX} lici : guide {IX} lifu [adv] : to and fro {§29} lifuno <N> [n] : shuttle (vehicle that goes back and forth often) liin [adv] : so far {§30} likada [n] : direction {IX} line [n] : direction {IX} lire [n] : ray {IX} liua [adv] : thereto {§30} eli [adv] : farther, further {§30}

@ lin [radical-n] : edge, outline, profile {VIII} lin [n] : edge {IX} lin [prep] : along {§30} lindi [n] : limit {IX} lingo [n] : frame {IX} valin [n] : frontier {VII}

@ lo [radical-v] : open, free, undo {VIII} lo [v] : open lo mindu [!] : open the door! {§27} loca [n] : park (public space) {IX} loci [adj] : preliminary, opening (first) {SU} lokani [adj] : free (at liberty) {IX} loni [adj] : open {IX}
 * lobain [!] : undo this!<?> {§27}
 * loda : opening (of a new business etc) {SU}

@ lon [radical-n] : loan, let, lend, hire {VIII} lon kan : let (a house), rent out a house {IX}

@ lu [radical-v] : play, game, amuse {VIII} lu [v] : play {IX} lubanda [n] : sport (competitive) {IX} luda [n] : play, recreation {IX} lukaca [n] : stage (for performance before an audience) {IX} lukaya [n] : theatre {IX} luxo [n] : play (drama/comedy) {IX}

@ lun [radical-n] : absurd, trivial, vain {VIII} lun [!] : absurd! {§27} lunyo [adj] : foolish {IX}

ly : 'l' (the name of this letter of the alphabet) {§8}

@ ma [radical-n] : place, put, local {VIII} ma [v] : put (translocate X to position Y) madu [n] : table {IX} makan [n] : station (esp. train station) {IX} makun [n] : colony {IX} malen [n] : map {IX} mane [n] : position {IX} mate [v] : put {§27,IX} mave [v] : plant (install into the soil?) {IX}

ma [sfx] : (names a location; usually larger than areas named with -a) {§15,IX} > akama : mountain > dima : district > duma : woods > homa : home > jema : mine > sama : school > sucema : harbour > unama : island > vema : country (rural area)

@ man [radical-v] : wait, remain, rest, stray {VIII} man [!] : halt!, stop! {§27} man [prep] : during {§30} manda [n] : waiting {IX} mandi [n] : rest {IX} ^ that which remains?? mankosi [!] : wait a moment {VII} mansi [!] : wait! {§27} mansi mi [!] : wait for me! {§27} manya [n] : stop (stopping-place) {IX} manze [n] : waste {IX} ^ (bad remains??) manzecan <N> [n] : trash can, wastebasket {SD} demanyo [adj] : permanent {RA} demanyu [adv] : permanently {§30}

@ me [radical-v] : think, mind, idea {VIII} me [v] : think {RA} meda [n] : thought {IX} mefan [n] : idea {IX} mega [n] : brain {IX} megayo [adj] : cerebral {RA} meiti [n] : purpose {IX} meka [v] : consider {VII} mekin [v] : invent, create (creatively), make up mekinda [n] : invention {IX} melan [n] : music {IX} melangi [n] : band, orchestra {IX} mele [v] : note {IX} melen [n] : record (written or otherwise recorded) {IX} meminda [n] : interest (in a topic) {IX} mene [n] : mind {IX} meni [n] : idea, thought {IX} meri : humour {IX} ^ mood? jokes? meseda [n] : observation {IX} mesen [n] : sense {IX} mesenyo [adj] : conscious {IX} mevoyo [adj] : sad {IX} mezoni [adj] : angry {IX}

@ men [radical-n] : measure, size, month {VIII} mendi [n] : month {§20,IX}

@ mi [radical-n] : I, me, my {VIII} mie [pron] : we, us {§18,23} miena [pron] : ours {§23} mina [pron] : mine (that which belongs to me) {§23}

@ min [radical-p] : in, middle, interior {VIII} min [prep] : in, inside, within, into ^ "min mi dia" "akibasi min cekadikaya" "keni min... lenda" {VII} min [v] : enter {§13,27} o min! [!] : please come in {§13} minyadaya [n] : Home Office (a British term) {VII} mindili [adv] : inwards {§30} mindiua [adv] : therein {§30} minli [prep] : into {§30} minlo <N> [n] : entrance (spot where one enters) {o8} mindu [n] : door {§27} minru [v] : enter {§33} amin [adv] : inside {§30}

@ mo [radical-n] : fruit, bulb, nipple {VIII} mo [n] : fruit {§15} moga [n] : bulb {IX} mokin [n] : bulb (of a plant) {IX} moko [n] : berry {IX} molio [adj] : fertile {IX} > agamo : potato > cemo : button > kimo : seed > pomo : apple

@ mon [radical-n] : profit, gain, reap {VIII} mon [n] : profit {IX} mondi [n] : interest (payment) {IX}

@ mu [radical-n] : hair, fur, wool, brown {VIII} mu [n] : hair {IX} muci [n] : barber {VII} muden [n] : comb (for hair) {IX} muga [n] : wool {IX} muja [v] : shave (one's face) {VII} muren [n] : thread {IX} muro [adj] : brown {§22,IX} muroko <N> [adj] : tan color (light brown) murojen [n] : copper {IX} vasimu <N> [n] : beard

@ mun [radical-n] : soft, pile, cushion {VIII} mun [n] : cushion {IX} munyo [adj] : soft {IX}

my : 'm' (the name of this letter of the alphabet) {§8}

@ na [radical-p] : not, no, nor, deny {VIII} na [pcl] : not, no (in response to a yes/no question) {IX} na X na Y : neither X nor Y {§26} na X au Y <?> : not only X but (also) Y {§30} na huka [!] : no smoking. {§27} na ke : isn't it? (= J. desu ne / Fr. n'est ce pas) {§25} na po ci [!] : don't mention it!, never mind! {§27} naci : nothing, zero, nought, nil {§19,26} nadi [adj] : no (not any of), none of {§26,30} nagera [n] : bachelor {§14} nagezan [n] : spinster {§14} naire [adv] : no more, never again! {§27,30} najasi [!] : don't trouble! {§27} naji <N> [pron] : no one, nobody nakoua : no less {§30} nalaba [!] : don't speak! {§27} nali : can't, cannot {§26} nali [!] : it is impossible. {§27} nari [!] : never! {§27} nari [adv] : never {§30} naro [adj] : black {§22,IX} nataua [adv] : no more (not any longer / no future iterations) {§30} nau [adv] : in no way, nohow {§26} naua : not at all {§26,30} naua [!] : of course not! {§27} naue : ought not, should not {§26} naui : but (when "but" = "however"), yet, notwithstanding, still {§26,VII,IX} nauo : must not {§26} naya [adv] : nowhere {§30} nayo [adj] : no (cf. "nadi") {§26} nazinyo [adj] : dead {IX}
 * enari<?> : always {§30}

na [sfx] : (denotes an inorganic thing; sometimes tangible sometimes not) {§15} > apona : roof > bona : meat > fugana : leather > lana : word > suna : liquid > suruna : current

na [sfx] : pieces of, head of {§19} > cana ibo : four head of cattle {§19} > atuna velen : eight sheets of paper {§19}

na [sfx] : (creates pronouns like mine yours etc) > mina : mine > tina : yours

@ nan [radical-p] : although, ignore {VIII} nan [conj] : though, although {§30,IX} menan <N> [v] : ignore, disregard

@ ne [radical-p] : from, leave, absent, rob {VIII} ne [prep] : from, than {§30} ne [v] : separate, part (to separate from each other) {RA} neda [n] : parting {IX} nedini [adj] : separate {IX} nefi [v] : lose (to unwantedly cease having) nefida [v] : loss {IX} nefini [adj] : lost nefu [prep] : from out (of) {§30} nein [adv] : hence {§30} neinli [adv] : hence, here -- from here {§29} nekeli [adv] : whence? {§30} nekeya [adv] : whence? {§30} neli [adv] : away, off (away) {§30,IX} neri : since {§30} neru [v] : leave, depart, go from neua [adv] : therefrom {§30} neunli [adv] : thence {§30}

ne [sfx] : (indicates an abstract noun of state/condition) {§16} > mane : position > rane : manhood > sane : knowledge > tane : size > zanne : womanhood

@ nen [radical-p] : except, omit, skip {VIII} nen : except, but (when "but" = "except"), unless {§30} nenka <N> [v] : omit nenru <N> [v] : skip

@ ni [radical-v] : suffer, undergo, able {VIII} ^ as suffix sometimes indicates passive adjective like E-o -ita ni : able {IX} nika : conquer {§36} nike : can (I/you/they)? nili [n/adj] : west {IX} nio [adj] : able {IX} niri [n] : evening {§20} niuri [n] : autumn, fall (season) {§20} niurio [adj] : autumnal

@ nin [radical-n] : result, product, child {VIII} ninko : baby {IX} ninna : produce<?> {IX}

nin [sfx] : child of {§14} > ranin : son > zannin : daughter > rannin : prince

@ no [radical-v] : carry, vehicle {VIII} no [v] : carry {§24} noci [n] : porter {IX} noda [n] : carriage, transport {IX} nogi [n] : luggage {VII} nohayen [!] : carry it! {§27} nore [n] : rail {IX} noru [v] : drive (a vehicle), ride (a vehicle) ^ "noru li (Savoi) Hotel" {VII}

@ non [radical-v] : invert, reverse {VIII} ^ weak example by Searight; nonle = erase?, nonkanba = demolish?
 * nondinyo : non-party<?> {§26}

@ nu [radical-v] : change, turn, or {VIII} nu [conj] : or {IX} nu : change (cause to be different) {VII,IX} nu X nu Y : either X or Y {§30} nuda [n] : change {IX} nuru [v] : change (become different) {IX} nusi [v] : turn {IX}
 * nu [!] : now! {§27}

nu [pfx] : (forms various kinship terms) nuzan : aunt {§14} nura : uncle {§14} nubozan : female cousin {§14} nubora : male cousin {§14} nuyuma : step-mother {§14} nupara : step-father {§14} nuzannin : step-daughter {§14} nuranin : step-son {§14} nuzauma : great-grandmother {§14} nuzapara : great-grandfather {§14} nuvazannin : great-granddaughter {§14} nuvaranin : great-grandson {§14}

@ nun [radical-n] : nine {VIII} nunson : 900 {§19}

ny : 'n' (the name of this letter of the alphabet) {§8}

o [particle] : (honorific), (politeness) {VIII} o cu : please (would you kindly) {§27,IX} o hara : sir {§13} oha [!] : here! (calling a waiter etc), excuse me! (to get attention) {§27}

o [pfx] : (indicates units of time in odi ori etc) {?} odi : day of the week (Monday Tuesday etc) {§20} odiri : date (year month day etc) {§20}

o [sfx] : (forms ordinals) > enyo : first > xio : sixth

on [particle] : he, him, his {VIII} onye [pron] : they (masc.), them (masc.), their (masc.) {§23}

ori [de-facto morpheme] : o'clock {§20} ke ori : what time is it?, what is the time? {§20} oribi : clock {IX} atu ori : 8:00am {VII}

@ pa [radical-v] : eat, nourish, bread {VIII} pada [n] : meal {IX} paga [n] : stomach {IX} pagan [n] : food {IX} pagu [n] : mouth {IX} paguo [adj] : oral {RA} paimoda [n] : digestion {IX} paisucan <N> [n] : refrigerator {cf. pazocan} palio su [n] : drinking water, potable water pana [n] : bread {IX} panaci [n] : baker {RA} panacia [n] : bakery {§15} pani [n] : food {IX} panoci [n] : waiter, waitress {VII} papun [n] : cheese {IX} para [n] : father {§4,IX} parau [adv] : fatherishly (in a fatherly manner) {§6} parauma [n] : father and mother, parents {§21} paraxa [n] : Papa, Daddy {§17} pari [n] : meal {IX} pasu [v] : drink {IX} ^ corrected from "pa (su)" in IX pasua [n] : bar (drinking place) {IX} pasuna [n] : drink, beverage {IX} pata [n] : dinner (big meal) {VII} pate [n] : spoon {IX} paulo [n] : butter {IX} paxuna [n] : cake {IX} ^ check for British meanings pazocan [n] : oven {IX} > karipa : lunch {VII}

@ pan [radical-n] : all, complete, fill {VIII} pan : all {§18,IX} pan diri : all day {§20} pandi : side -- all sides apandi [adv] : side -- on all sides {§30} pando : both {§19} pando X ge Y : both X and Y {§30} apando [adv] : side -- on both sides {§30} pange [adv] : altogether {§30} panji <N> [pron] : everybody, everyone panni [adj] : complete, full {IX} panri [adv] : always (on all occasions) {RA} panroyago <N> [n] : rainbow pantin : all three {§19} panyasi [!] : quite so! {§27} panyeri [adv] : forever, always (forever) {§30} panyu [adv] : completely, wholly {§30} panyummagin <N> [n] : world wide web, internet {SU}

@ pe [radical-n] : foot, leg, walk, kick {VIII} pe [n] : foot {§15,IX} pebi <N> [n] : pedal pece [n] : boot {IX} peceko [n] : shoe {IX} pecin : step {IX} pega [n] : leg {IX} pegavando [n] : trousers, pants {IX} pegavandoko <N> [n] : short pants pegin [n] : sock {IX} peginta [n] : stocking {IX} pegun [n] : knee {IX} pekaba [v] : kick {IX} peli [!] : march! {§27} perinda [n] : dance perinni [n] : step {IX} peru [v] : walk {IX} pete [n] : toe {IX}

@ pen [radical-n] : five, pentagon {VIII} pen [num] : five {§19} penyedi : fifty penyodi : Friday {§20}

@ pi [radical-n] : bird, fly, flight, aviation {VIII} pi [n] : bird {IX} pia [n] : nest (of birds) {§15} piacipiga [n] : nest-egg {§15} pica [n] : bird preserve (avian sanctuary) {§15} ^ bad coining piga [n] : egg {IX} pigi <N> [n] : flock of birds {SU} pikan [n] : aviary {§15} pila : whistle {IX} pima [n] : henrun (place where birds are found or kept) {§15} pira [n] : birdman (man who tends birds; keeper) {§14} piru [v] : fly piruda [n] : flight {IX} piruno <N> [n] : aircraft, airplane (or any other type of aircraft) pizan [n] : female birdkeeper {§14}

@ pin [radical-n] : feather, fringe, flimsy {VIII} pin [n] : feather {IX}

@ po [radical-p] : on, by, cover, dress {VIII} podan [n] : price {IX} pogan [n] : dress {IX} pogin [n] : cloth {IX} poli [n/adj] : north {IX} pomo [n] : apple {IX} pona [n] : cover {IX} mukupona [n] : blanket {VII} sutepona [n] : umbrella {VII} poru [v] : cover {IX} posi : dress {IX} posina [n] : dress {IX} ^ outfit i.e. the clothes one is wearing ??? povan [n] : curtain {IX} > kapo : hat

po [prep] : (vague preposition like Esperanto's je) {§30,IX} po ciua : by the way po cu : please po fa : by chance, in case po fa : case -- in case of {VII} po he fa : in any case po hin : consequently, therefore po ito : at last po jo [!] : by God! {§27} po ke : how much? po ki : at first, firstly (at the start) po ko : at least {VII} po rima : under the circumstances po ta : at most po uli : in the presence of po un fa : in that case po uo : of necessity po uso : on condition that po via : on the way to po xi diri: for six days {§20} po e xi diri : for another six days {§20} poua : because {§30} poyage : contact -- in contact with {§30} poyaso : indeed {§30}

po : (distributive particle) {§19} > po engi = one at a time, one by one

@ pon [radical-v] : weigh, heavy, load {VIII} pon [n] : weight {IX} ponjen [n] : lead (the metal) {IX} pontane [n] : weight {IX}

@ pu [radical-n] : filth, foul, dirt, soil {VIII} pu [!] : bah!, rubbish! {§27} puate [n] : drain {IX} puhu <N> [v] : fart puo [adj] : dirty {IX} pupi<?> [n] : fly {IX} ^ unclear why KS rendered "a fly" as pupi instead of puapi; typo in Book? puro [adj] : yellow {IX} purojen [n] : brass {IX} pusu <N> [n] : urine

@ pun [radical-n] : decay, rot, pus, rust {VIII} ^ add "ferment" punyo [adj] : bad {IX} puvero [adj] : yellow-green {§22} > papun : cheese

py : 'p' (the name of this letter of the alphabet) {§8}

@ ra [radical-n] : man, male {VIII} rabeyo [adj] : manless (without a man) {§22} rabi [n] : male organ, penis {§15} rabio [adj] : phallic {§22} racio [adj] : brave (in a manly way), macho {§22} radi [n] : male gender {IX,SU} radio [adj] : masculine {§22} rafio [adj] : effeminate {§22} rako [n] : male child {§14} rakio [adj] : adolescent {§22} ralio [adj] : potent (in a manly way) {§22} rane [n] : manhood {§14} ranin [n] : son {§14,IX} ranio [adj] : virilized, masculinized {§22} raninxa : Sonny boy {§17} ranoyo [adj] : son-bearing, male-producing {§22} rapanyo [adj] : manful (or "full of men?") {§22} rapi [n] : cock (male bird) {§14} rapo [n] : shirt {IX} rasio [adj] : manly {§22} rata [n] : giant, man of importance {§4,17} ravio [adj] : virile {§22} raxa [n] : man -- nice or handsome man {§17} raze [n] : man -- unpleasant or ugly man {§17}

ra [sfx] : (indicates a "male agent") {§4,14} > bora : brother > nagera : bachelor > udara : judge

@ ran [radical-n] : king, rule, royal {VIII} randa [n] : rule (reign) {IX} rannin <N> [n] : prince, princess

@ re [radical-n] : straight, line, long {VIII} re [n] : line {IX} recin [n] : range {IX} rega [n] : stem {IX} rejen [n] : rail {IX} ^ cf. nore reli [adv] : straight, directly (without zigzagging) {§30} rete [n] : rod {IX} reten [n] : shelf, rack {IX} retun [n] : wall {IX} reya [n] : street {IX} reyo [adj] : straight {IX}

> anore : bridge > dure : tree > irore : ray (of light) > nore : rail
 * as suffix generally names things that are straight or linear

@ ren [radical-n] : cord, tense, thin {VIII} ren [n] : cord, wire {IX} renbe [n] : radio {IX} rengin [n] : canvas {IX} renni [adj] : tight {IX} renyo [adj] : thin {IX}

@ ri [radical-n] : time, while {VIII} ri : while, during, when... {§30} ri ci : when (the time which...) {§23,IX} ridi [n] : week {§20,IX} rifi [adv] : rarely, seldom {§30} riko [n] : second (unit of time) {IX} rima [n] : stage (phase), circumstances {§30,IX} riman : while {IX} ^ is this a noun meaning "short period"? riodi [n] : week-day {§20} riui [adv] : still (= "even at this later time" ?) {IX} arili : until, as far as {§30} ketari : how long? (for how much time?) > hori : hour > keri : when?

@ rin [radical-n] : rhythm, pulse, metre (of verse) {VIII} rin [n] : rhythm {IX} rinudu <N> [n] : beat (the rhythmic beat of music) {SU}

@ ro [radical-n] : colour, color, dye, paint {VIII} ro [n] : colour, color {IX} rodana [n] : picture {IX} rogan [n] : paint {IX} roganoda [n] : painting {IX} ^ ro-ga-no-da ? if so, what does ro-ga mean ? royale [n] : flag {IX} > muro : brown > vero : green suzoro [adj] : bluish purple {§22} suzoroko <N> [adj] : lavender zosuro [adj] : reddish purple {§22} suvero [adj] : bluish green {§22} vesuro [adj] : greenish blue {§22}

@ ron [radical-n] : tone, tune, shade, mood {VIII}

@ ru [radical-v] : go, move, mobile {VIII} ru [v] : go (move from one location to another) {IX} rua [n] : road {IX} ruba [v] : push {IX} ruba [!] : push! {§27} rubada [n] : push {IX} ruci [n] : goer (one who goes) {§14} rucin [n] : rate (of speed etc) {IX} ruda [n] : move, motion {IX} rudan [n] : fare (price of riding) rufi [v] : trip (stumble) rugo [n] : wheel {IX} ruha [!] : go away! {§27} ruhasi [!] : off with you (= be off!) {§27} ruire [v] : go on (continue) {§36} ruka [v] : send {IX} rukanina [n] : consignment, shipment {VII} ruki [v] : start (begin to travel) {IX} ruko [n] : stroll, trip (short journey) {§36} runa : move {IX} runi [adj] : moved {§36} rusu [n] : stream, river {§7,IX} ruta [n] : journey, voyage, travel {§36,IX}

ru [sfx] : (forms an intransitive verb) > kiru : become > geru : join

@ run [radical-n] : machine, apparatus {VIII} run [n] : engine, machine {IX} runbi [n] : apparatus {IX} runci [n] : engineer {IX}

ry : 'r' (the name of this letter of the alphabet) {§8}

@ sa [radical-n] : know, teach, inform {VIII} sa [v] : know safan [n] : theory {IX} sahanne<?> : note<?> {IX} saka [v] : teach {RA} sakada [n] : teaching {IX} sama [n] : school {IX} same : sense (interpretation?), understand {VII} sameni [!] : of course! {§27} sameua [!] : understand! {§27} samen : test {IX} sane [n] : knowledge {IX} sani [adj] : known {§36} savilana [n] : maxim, proverb, saying (maxim) savio [adj] : wise {IX}

@ san [radical-n] : health, medicine, sane {VIII} sancoda [n] : surgery, operation (medical) {IX} sandio [adj] : medical {IX} sangan <N> [n] : medicine (medication) sangenci [n] : pharmacist ("chemist" in British English) {IX} sanya [n] : hospital {IX} sanyo [adj] : healthy, good (as in "feeling good") {IX}

@ se [radical-n] : see, seem, visual {VIII} se [v] : see {IX} se [!] : look!, here! (look) {§27} selio [adj] : clear (evident) {IX} selo [n] : window {IX} seni [n] : view {IX} seru [v] : seem, look (or "look like") {IX} seru da : seem to {VII} seruvi : look<?> {IX}

@ sen [radical-n] : feel, touch, sense {VIII} sen : feeling {IX} senga [n] : nerve {IX}

@ si [radical-n] : self, one, own, identity {VIII} ^ own (as in "your own" not as in "possess") si : self, oneself {IX} si alo [!] : you may! {§27} siada [n] : business {IX} sibada [n] : impulse {IX} sie : selves {§23} sijuda [n] : amusement {IX} simi [pron] : myself, my own {§23} sino [n] : automobile {IX} sio [adj] : same {IX} sirunyo [adj] : automatic {IX} situ [pron] : yourself, your own {§23} sivan : secret {IX} sivi : such {IX}
 * siui : even <?> {§30}

si [sfx] : (can be possessive like 's in English) {§4,31} ^ this possessive form was seldom used by Searight
 * parasi bora = the father's brother, rasi nin = the man's son

si [sfx] : (indicates the jussive; a rude/urgent type of imperative) {§27}

@ sin [radical-n] : form, shape, type {VIII} sin [n] : form, shape {IX} sinda [n] : structure {IX}

@ so [radical-n] : with, help, combine {VIII} so : with (accompanying) {IX} soceni [adj] : safe {IX} soci [n] : member (of a group) {VII} socia [n] : club {IX} socine [n] : society {IX} sogane [n] : system {IX} soginyo [adj] : complex, interwoven {IX} soji [n] : friend {IX} soka [v] : help, assist {VII} sokada [n] : help {IX} sokasaye [n] : communications {VII} solan [n] : harmony {IX} soyare [v] : organize {RA} soyareda [n] : organization {IX} soyu [adv] : together {§30,IX}

@ son [radical-n] : hundred, percent {VIII} son [num] : hundred {§19} songi : company of a hundred {§19} sontan : 100000 {§19} sontori [n] : century {§19} po son : percent

@ su [radical-n] : water, liquid, flow {VIII} su [n] : water {IX} suba [v] : pour {§33} subeni [adj] : dried (as in "subeni mo") subeyo [adj] : dry {IX} subinko [n] : bucket {IX} ^ what did 'subin' mean? subuna [n] : soap {IX} ^ bu ?? sucan [n] : boat, toilet {VII,IX} sucanya [n] : boathouse {§22} sucema [n] : harbour {IX} sucon [n] : sand {IX} sudi [n] : sea {IX} sufi [v] : dribble {§36} suhun [n] : steam {IX} suire [v] : rain (for a long time)<?> {§36} sujen <N> [n] : mercury (the metal) {RM} ^ neither wet nor sweat make sense as definitions of su+ki suko : drop (of liquid), sprinkle {§36,IX} suna [n] : liquid {IX} suni [adj] : wet {IX} suno [n] : ship, vessel {IX} desuno <N> [n] : submarine suo [adj] : aquatic, watery {§22} supa [n] : soup {IX} suro [adj] : blue {IX} suru : flow, flowing {§7,33} suruate [n] : drain {IX} suruna [n] : current {IX} suta [v] : soak (saturate?) sute [n] : stalactite {§3} sutepona [n] : umbrella {IX} suven [n] : rice {IX} suzo [v] : boil {IX} suzoni [adj] : boiling {IX} ^ shouldn't suzoni mean "boiled"?
 * suki : wet, sweat<?> {VII,36}

@ sun [radical-n] : fish, clammy {VIII} sun [n] : fish {IX} urosun <N> [n] : goldfish

sy : 's' (the name of this letter of the alphabet) {§8}

@ ta [radical-n] : great, augment, very {VIII} ta [pcl] : very, greatly ta ci : as much as {§30} ta cu [!] : very much! {§27} ta ne : more than {§30} ta xa [!] : very good! {§27} ta xan [!] : thank you very much! {§27} tacan [n] : chest (for storage) {IX} taci : as much as {§23} tada [n] : increase, growth {IX} tadanyo [adj] : dear (expensive), costly, expensive {IX} tadi : much {IX} takan [n] : big house, mansion {§22} takoraxa : boy -- a fine big boy {§17} takoraze : boy -- an unpleasant big boy, lout {§17} tamen [n] : amount {IX} tana [adj] : much {IX} tane [n] : size {IX} tara [n] : big man {§4} tarata [n] : huge giant {§17} tareyo [adj] : long {IX} tari : long time {RA} ^ from 'ketari' tau [adj] : greatly {§30} taua : the more ... {§30} tayo [adj] : large, great, big {§22}

ta [sfx] : (augmentative somewhat like Esperanto -eg-) {§2,17} > rata : a giant > ruta : journey > tanta : million

@ tan [radical-n] : body, bulk, mass, thousand {VIII} tan [n] : bulk, mass, body {§2,IX} tan [num] : thousand {§19} tanta [num] : million {§19} > dotanta<?> : billion (possibly an error in the book) {§19} tanyenna : thousand and one {§19}

@ te [radical-n] : hand, project, take {VIII} te [n] : hand {§2,IX} te [!] : catch! {§27} teba [v] : grip, grasp {IX} tebi [n] : handle {§3} tebin [n] : cup {IX} tece [n] : glove {IX} ^ why not tepo? tega [n] : arm {§3,IX} teka [v] : take {IX} tekayen [!] : take it! {§27} telanna [n] : piano {IX} telika : point {IX} tena [n] : projection, protrusion {§15} teri [n] : watch, wristwatch {IX} tesen : touch {IX}

@ ten [radical-v] : hold, contain {VIII} ten [v] : hold, contain {VIII} tendu [n] : shelf {IX} tenga [n] : thumb {IX} tenka [v] : keep {IX} tenna [n] : vessel {IX}
 * ten : reception<?> {§2}

@ ti [radical-n] : they, them, their {VIII} tina [pron] : theirs {§23}

@ tin [radical-n] : three, triangular {VIII} tin [num] : three tincako : three quarters {§19} tindici (ori) : 1:00pm, 13:00 {§20} tingi [n] : trio tingio [adj] : treble (threefold), triple {§19} tinko : one third {§19} tinyedi [num] : thirty {§20} tinyo [adj] : third tinyodi : Wednesday
 * tinyedica : 34 {§19}

@ to [radical-v] : pass, year, was, were {VIII} to : passing {§2} tolen [n] : ticket {IX} iritolen [n] : return ticket, round-trip ticket {VII} toreno [n] : train {§5,IX} tori [n] : year {§20} > mi xidici tori : I am 16 years old. {§20} > vatori : next year torilen [n] : calendar {IX} toru [v] : pass {§13} toruda [n] : passage (act of travelling through) {VII} toruji [n] : passenger {VII} ^ is torugi an irregular plural of toruji? torusi [!] : pass on! {§27}
 * torugi [n] : passengers {VII}

@ ton [radical-v] : tire, wear (out), use up {VIII} ton [v] : wear (out), use up, exhaust (tire) {§2} tonne [n] : trouble {IX} tonni [adj] : tired {IX}

@ tu [radical-n] : you, your {VIII} tu [pron] : you, your tue [pron] : you (plural), your (plural) {§23} tuna : yours

@ tun [radical-n] : limit, wall, city {VIII} tun [n] : town {IX} tundi [n] : limit {IX}

ty : 't' (the name of this letter of the alphabet) {§8}

@ u [particle] : how, manner {VIII} u ci : how... (the manner in which...) {§23,IX}

u [sfx] : (forms an adverb like -e in Esperanto / -ly in English) {§6} > akiu : quickly > deu : thoroughly > enyu : firstly > isoyu : equally > keu : how? > soyu : together > xau : well

@ ua [particle] : "for; as for; c. that" {VIII,IX}

ua [conj] : that (on la ua an zen = he says that she is ill)

ua [conj] : for the purpose of (ruto ua arise soji = went to visit a friend) ua ci : why ("for what purpose" not "due to what causation") {§30} ua da : in order to, for the purpose of doing X {§30} ua na : lest (so that X doesn't happen) {§30} > keua : why?

ua [pcl] : (like Japanese 'wa'; comes between topic and comment) {§28} ^ Searight did not actually use ua this way in any complete sentences ^ tu ua = as for you..., with regard to you...

ua [sfx] : (dummy pronoun or emphatic particle used in making function-words) > ciua : about > deua : throughout > haua : behold!, here you go > inua : elsewhere > ireua : moreover > liua : thereto > naua : of course not!

@ uba [radical-v] : forbid, deny, ban, tabu {VIII} uba [v] : forbid {RA} ubani [adj] : forbidden {§27}

@ ube [radical-n] : empty, void, vacate, vacant {VIII} ubedi <N> [n] : space (beyond our atmosphere), outer space ^ cf sudi, hudi ubeni [adj] : clear (emptied) {IX} ubeyo : space<?> {IX} ^ ubeyo must be an adjective so what does 'space' mean in this context?

@ ubi [radical-n] : serve, tend, attend {VIII} ubi [v] : serve (provide service to) {RA} ubiji [n] : servant {IX}

@ ubo [radical-n] : sheep, goat {VIII} ubo [n] : sheep {IX} ubomu <N> [n] : wool

@ ubu [radical-n] : greed, covet, yearn, lust {VIII} ubu : desire {IX}

@ uda [radical-n] : law, justice, code {VIII} udane [n] : law {IX} udara [n] : judge {IX} udaxo [v] : justify {VII}

@ ude [radical-v] : break, rend, burst {VIII} ude [!] : blast! {§27} udeba [v] : burst {IX} udena : smash {IX} udeni [adj] : broken {IX} aude [adv] : asunder, pieces -- into many pieces {§30}

@ udi [radical-v] : mangle, wound, tear {VIII} udico [n] : wound (on one's body) {IX}

@ udo [radical-v] : pay, reward, atone {VIII} udo [v] : pay {RA} udoni [n] : payment {IX} udoxa [n] : reward {IX} udoyusone [n] : terms of payment

@ udu [radical-n] : thump, thud, drum {VIII} udu [!] : bump! {§27} boudu <N> [n] : heartbeat {SU}

ue [particle] : ought to, obliged to, should (ought to) {VIII} uene [n] : debt, duty, obligation {§23,IX}

@ uga [radical-n] : grain, seed {VIII} uga [n] : grain (of wheat/corn etc), seed (of a plant) venyuga <N> : grain (kernel) of corn {SU}

@ uge [radical-n] : cumulus, pile, heap {VIII} uge [n] : pile, heap {RA}

@ ugi [radical-n] : tangle, bush, cluster {VIII} ugi [n] : tangle, cluster {RA}

@ ugo [radical-v] : fold, bind, wrap, clasp {VIII} ugo [v] : bind, tie up, wrap {RA} ugoba [v] : fold {IX}

@ ugu [radical-n] : hook, claw, catch {VIII} ugubi [n] : hook {IX}

ui [particle] : yes {IX} uine [n] : approval, assent {IX}

ui [sfx] : (intensifier; random modulator of function-words) > geui : and yet... > eui : certainly > anaui : in spite of > ikaui : exactly

ui [sfx] : (indicates exhortation; gentle imperative) > lakamiui : come on, tell me!

@ uka [radical-n] : vertical, stand up {VIII} ukasi [!] : stand up! {§27} ukka (uka+ka) [v] : construct (a building)<?> ^ modified from ukka<?> - building {IX}

@ uke [radical-v] : seek, hunt, quest, search {VIII} uke [v] : pursue, go after, hunt {§18} ukeda [n] : search ukecekaci [n] : detective {VII} ukeluda [n] : sport {IX} ukesada [n] : investigation {VII} ukeseda [n] : examination {VII}

@ uki [radical-v] : develop, train, culture {VIII} ukida [n] : practice (to improve a skill), training, development {IX} ukisada [n] : education {IX}

@ uko [radical-n] : frail, slender, delicate, fine {VIII} ^ no usage/discussion in Book ~ reserve for possible repurposing?
 * "delicate" = gafinyo, imusenyo {IX}

@ uku [radical-v] : layer, film, slice, shave {VIII} uku [v] : shave {RA} ukuni <N> [n] : slice

@ ula [radical-n] : sing, recite, howl, choir {VIII} ulage [n] : chorus {IX} ulani [n] : song {IX}

@ ule [radical-n] : stain, blot, spot {VIII} ule [n] : mark {IX}

@ uli [radical-n] : close, proximate, intimate {VIII} auli [adv] : at hand, beside, close by {§30} en uli [adj] : next -- the next (nearest) {VII}

@ ulo [radical-n] : oil, grease, flatter {VIII} ulo [n] : oil {IX} > paulo : butter

@ ulu [radical-n] : monkey, mischief {VIII} ulu [n] : monkey {IX}

@ uma [radical-n] : mother, nation, home {VIII} uma [n] : mother {§14,IX} umara <N> [n] : father (synonym for 'para') {SR} umma (uma+ma) [n] : land, country (land) {IX} panyumma <N> [n] : world

@ ume [radical-n] : reason, rational, logic {VIII} ume [n] : reason (rational thought) {IX}

@ umi [radical-n] : centre, heart, focus {VIII} umidi [n] : middle, centre, center {IX} umiga [n] : heart {IX}

@ umo [radical-n] : breast, milk, suckle {VIII} umoga <N> [n] : breast (milk-secreting organ on woman's chest) {RA} umoro [adj] : cream color {§22} umosu [n] : milk {IX}

@ umu [radical-n] : bear, bore, grumpy {VIII} ^ no usage/discussion in Book ~ reserve for possible repurposing?

@ un [particle] : that, those, former {VIII} un [pron/adj] : that, former {§20} undan [n] : debt ("undan" might be a typo for "unidan") {IX} undi : side -- on that side {§30} undiua : hand -- on the other hand {§30} unli [adv] : thither, there -- to that place {§29,IX} unli [!] : that way! {§27} unno [v] : remove (carry away), take away (from the speaker) {§24} unnoyen [!] : take it away! {§27} unri [adv] : then (see §30) {IX} unru [v] : go away {§24} unsi [!] : go away! {§27} unvadiri : tomorrow -- the day after tomorrow, day after tomorrow {§20} unya [adv] : there {IX} unye [pron/adj] : those {§20} unzadiri : day before yesterday {§20} unzavandi : night before last {§20}

@ una [radical-n] : sole, only, isolate {VIII} unadi [n] : unit {IX} panyunadi [adj] : universal (shared by all units) {VII} unama [n] : island {IX} unaua : only {§30} unayo [adj] : only (sole) {VII}

@ une [radical-n] : reserve, shy, retire {VIII} uneji <N> [n] : hermit

@ uni [radical-v] : depend, hang, liable {VIII} unicio [adj] : dependent ^ having a tendency to rely on?? {IX} unilio [adj] : responsible {IX}

@ uno [radical-n] : cross, check, squint {VIII}

@ unu [radical-n] : contrast, judge {VIII} unu [v] : compare {RA} unu po : compared to, in comparison with {§30} unuda [n] : comparison {IX} unume [n] : opinion {VII}

uo [particle] : must (indicating necessity or requirement) {VIII} tu uo [!] : you must! {§27}

@ upa [radical-v] : cram, stuff, choke, boil {VIII}

@ upe [radical-v] : jump, spring, skip, hop {VIII} upe [v] : jump, hop, leap {RA} upeda [n] : jump {IX}

@ upi [radical-n] : buoyant, float, swim {VIII} upi <N> [v] : float upiru [v] : swim {IX} upive [n] : cork {IX}

@ upo [radical-n] : shield, defend, shelter {VIII} ^ no usage/discussion in Book ~ reserve for possible repurposing?

@ upu [radical-n] : pig, swine, pork {VIII} upu [n] : pig {IX} upuyo [adj] : porcine {RA}

@ ura [radical-n] : force, drive, electric {VIII} ura [n] : force {IX} urazo [adj] : electric {IX}

@ ure [radical-n] : right, regular, correct {VIII} ure [!] : right! (correct) {§27} urekada [n] : rule {IX} ^ in what sense of the word? ureli : right -- to the right {§30} urelisi [!] : right turn!, turn right! {§27} urene [n] : right {IX} ^ as in "you are in the right"? or as in "human rights"? ureni [adj] : regular {IX} uresinyo [adj] : regular {IX} ureua [!] : you are right. {§27} urevio [adj] : good {IX} aure : right -- on the right-hand side {§30}

@ uri [radical-n] : season, suit (suitability), opportune {VIII} uri : season {§20} > kiuri : spring > kauri : summer > niuri : autumn > finyuri : winter

@ uro [radical-n] : gold, glory, splendour {VIII} uro [n] : gold {IX} uromo [n] : orange (fruit) {IX} uromoro <N> [adj] : orange (color) urro (uro+ro) [adj] : golden (color) {§22}

@ uru [radical-v] : swing, sway, wag, flux {VIII} uru [v] : swing, sway, wag

@ usa [radical-v] : heed, obey, comply {VIII} usada [n] : attention (heed) {IX}

@ use [radical-v] : hear, sound, listen {VIII} use [v] : hear, listen to {VII} useda [n] : hearing {IX}

@ usi [radical-v] : agree, fit, conform {VIII} usi [v] : conform, fit (be fitting/suitable) usiu [adv] : accordingly {VII} usi po : in accordance with {§30}

@ uso [radical-n] : treaty, bargain, pact {VIII} usoda [n] : agreement (agreeing) {IX} usona [n] : condition (terms) {IX} usoni [n] : agreement (that which is agreed to) {IX} usoyu [adv] : conditionally {§30}

@ usu [radical-n] : silver, glint, steel {VIII} usu [n] : silver {§19,IX} usuro [adj] : silver (color) {§22}

@ uta [radical-v] : swell, wave, undulate {VIII} uta [n] : swelling {§2} utana [n] : wave {IX}

@ ute [radical-n] : pocket, sheath {VIII} ute [n] : pocket {§2,IX} utegin [n] : basket {IX} utten (ute+ten) [n] : bag {IX}

@ uti [radical-p] : beyond, far, distance {VIII} uti : beyond, far {§30,IX} utiha [!] : down with ..., to hell with... {§27} utila [n] : telephone {IX} utile [n] : telegram {IX} utimen [n] : distance {IX} utise <N> [n] : television auti : far away {§30} keuti : how far?

@ uto [radical-n] : excess, flood, too (excessive) {VIII} uto : too (excessively) {§27} utori [!] : too long! {§27} utoyaki [!] : too fast! {§27} utosu <N> [n] : flood

@ utu [radical-v] : swell, tumour, lump {VIII} ^ no usage/discussion in Book

@ uza [radical-v] : yield, give up, submit {VIII} uza [v] : surrender, submit {RA}

@ uze [radical-n] : harm, hurt, corrupt {VIII} uzeba [v] : harm, hurt {RA} uzeda : damage {IX}

@ uzi [radical-v] : stir, wake, inspire {VIII} uzika [v] : encourage, inspire {VII}

@ uzo [radical-n] : spasm, cramp, writhe {VIII} uzoni : bent<?> {IX}

@ uzu [radical-n] : wild, random, chaos {VIII} uzuyo <N> [adj] : random, chaotic

@ va [radical-n] : front, face, ahead {VIII} va : will (future tense indicator) {IX} va : before (in front) {§30} va xi diri : in six days {§20} vadi [n] : front, face {IX} vadiri : tomorrow {§20,IX} vaime [v] : hope {IX} vaka [v] : forward (pass a message along to another) {VII} > vala : predict vali [adv] : forward, ahead {IX} vali [!] : forward!, go on! {§27,page_114} valio [adj] : probable {IX} valiu [adv] : probably {§30} varanin [n] : grandson {§14} vari : future {IX} varidi : next week {§20} vasiga [n] : face {IX} vate [n] : chin {IX} vatori : next year {VII} vavandi : tomorrow night {§20} vazannin [n] : grand-daughter {§14} ava : in front {§30}

@ van [radical-v] : hide, mask, shade, night {VIII} vandi [n] : night {§19,IX} vanyo [adj] : dark {IX} > abevan : mist > povan : curtain > zovan : smoke

@ ve [radical-n] : vegetable, herb, green {VIII} ve [n] : plant (vegetable organism) veca [n] : field (area of open land) {IX} vecaya [n] : country house {§22} vedaya [n] : farm {IX} velen [n] : paper {§19,IX} velenna [n] : page (of book) {IX} bivelen [n] : toilet paper {VII} velo [n] : flower {§21,IX} veloca [n] : garden {IX} vema [n] : country (rural area) {IX} vemuro [adj] : olive color {§22} vero [adj] : green {IX} veroko [adj] : pastel green vetan [n] : stem {IX}

@ ven [radical-n] : cereal, crops, corn, grain {VIII} ven [n] : cereal (grain crops), grain (such as wheat) {RA} > suven : rice

@ vi [radical-n] : nature, quality, kind {VIII} vi [prep] : of (associated with X in some vague way) {IX} via [n] : way, path, route, trajectory {IX} ^ tu sake via {VII} vidi [n] : sex (gender) {IX} vikin [n] : family {IX} viko [n] : example {IX} vio [adj] : natural {IX} viro [adj] : opal (color) {§22} visu [n] : seed<?> (euphemism for semen?) {IX}

> hivi : sort, kind of > civi : some kind of > kevi : what kind of? > sivi : such
 * examples of vi as suffix of kind/type/sort

vi [sfx] : (as suffix forms abstract noun of quality) {§16} > divi : particularity > kavi : superiority

@ vin [radical-n] : essence, cream, wine {VIII} vin [n] : wine vinna <N> [n] : essence umovin <N> [n] : cream (from milk)

@ vo [radical-v] : grieve, weep, woe, sorry {VIII} vo [!] : alas! {§27} vola [v] : cry (weep) {IX} vosi ua : regret that ... {VII} vosiniu <N> : regrettably vosu <N> [n] : tears, tear-drops vozine [n] : regret {IX} ^ should this be 'vosine' or 'vozine'?

@ von [radical-v] : pity, spare, mercy {VIII} von : pity {RA} vonmi [!] : forgive me! {§27}

@ vu [radical-n] : vague, wander, stray {VIII} vuiro <N> [n] : planet (cf. 'ceiro')

@ vun [radical-v] : twist, coil, curl, screw {VIII} vunna : screw {IX}

vy : 'v' (the name of this letter of the alphabet) {§8}

@ xa [radical-n] : good, nice, merit, pleasant {VIII} xaba [!] : bravo! {§27} xabaha [!] : well done! {§30} xadani [!] : well done! {§27} xafa [n] : luck -- good luck, fortune (good luck) {§27} xafadi [n] : luck -- stroke of luck xafatu [!] : good luck! {§27} xahatu [!] : bless you! {§27} xame : kindness, metta {RA} xamevio [adj] : kind (benevolent) {IX} naxame [adj] : unkind xau [adv] : well (done in a good way) {§30} xayo [adj] : good {IX}

@ xan [radical-n] : thanks, thank, gratis {VIII} xan [!] : thanks! {§27} xan po : thanks to {§30}

@ xe [radical-n] : feline, cat, sly {VIII} xe [n] : cat {IX} xejuve <N> [n] : catnip xeyo <N> [adj] : feline taxe [n] : tiger {§18}

@ xen [radical-n] : canine, dog {VIII} xen [n] : dog {IX} xenyo <N> [adj] : canine

@ xi [radical-n] : six, hexagonal {VIII} xi [num] : six {§19} xiedi [num] : sixty {§19} xigio : sixfold {§19} xina : half a dozen {§19} xiodi : Saturday {§20}

@ xin [radical-n] : sheen, gloss, glaze {VIII} xin [n] : glass (the material) {IX} xingin [n] : silk {IX} xinte [n] : bottle {IX}

@ xo [radical-v] : show, evident, witness {VIII} xo [v] : show {§23} xo mi [!] : show me! {§27} xolada [n] : argument {IX} xolen [n] : notice (a document that notifies) xolu [v] : act (in a play or movie) {IX} xoyenmi : show it to me (= xo en mi) {§23} ^ wouldn't this mean evidently or demonstrably?
 * xoyu : seemingly<?> {§30}

@ xon [radical-n] : pomp, ceremony, flaunt {VIII} xonvio [adj] : pompous {RA}

@ xu [radical-n] : sweet, sugar, fragrant {VIII} xuga [n] : honey {VII} xuo [adj] : sweet {IX}

@ xun [radical-n] : guile, cunning, diplomacy {VIII} xun [n] : guile, trickery {RA} anaxun [v] : plot, conspire

xy : 'x' (the name of this letter of the alphabet) {§8}

y : 'y' (the name of this letter of the alphabet) {§8}

ya : 'a' (the name of this letter of the alphabet) {§8} yabycy <N> [n] : alphabet yabycyba <N> [v] : alphabetize, sort alphabetically

ye : 'e' (the name of this letter of the alphabet) {§8}

yi : 'i' (the name of this letter of the alphabet) {§8}

yo : 'o' (the name of this letter of the alphabet) {§8}

yu : 'u' (the name of this letter of the alphabet) {§8}

@ za [radical-p] : back, rear, ago {VIII} ayeza [adv] : behind (located in the back) zadi [n] : back (rear part) {IX} zadiri : yesterday {§20,IX} zaga [n] : back (dorsal part of the body) {IX} zahinyo [adj] : last {IX} zali [adv] : back (returning to previous location) {§30,IX} zame : memory, remember {IX} zapara [n] : grandfather {§14} zari : past (time) {IX} zaridi : last week {§20} zariu [adv] : formerly {§30} zate [n] : tail {IX} zauma [n] : grandmother {§14} zavandi : last night, previous night {§20} zaxiodi : last Saturday, prior Saturday {VII}

@ zan [radical-n] : woman, female {VIII} zan [n] : woman zanne [n] : womanhood {§14} zanpo [n] : skirt {IX}

zan [pfx] : (indicates the female sex) {§14} zandi : female gender {IX} zanko [n] : female child {§14} zannin [n] : daughter {§14,IX} zanpi [n] : hen {§14} > zanyibo : cow

zan [sfx] : (indicates a "female agent") {§14} > bozan : sister kisazan <N> [n] : student (female)
 * pizan [n] : female bird-keeper {§16}

@ ze [radical-n] : evil, sin, ugly {VIII} ze <N> [!] : feh!, ick!, yuck!, blech! ze [sfx] : (implies disapproval/unpleasantness like Esperanto -ac^-) {§17} zeba [!] : damn! {§27} zebatu [!] : damn you! {§27} zeda [n] : crime {IX} zeha [!] : curses!, drat! {§27} zehatu [!] : curse you! {§27} zeli : left -- to the left {§30} zelisi [!] : go to hell!, left turn!, turn left! {§27} zeyo [adj] : bad, evil {IX}

@ zen [radical-n] : ill, sick, disease {VIII} zen [adj] : ill, sick {VII,IX} zenga [n] : disease {IX} hinzosuzen <N> [n] : hangover {PB}

@ zi [radical-n] : be, real, fact, positive {VIII} zi [v] : be (copula) {IX} zia [v] : There is ..., There are ..., be located at {§30} zida [n] : existence {IX} zike [!] : indeed!, really! {§27} zila [n] : statement {IX} zina [n] : fact {IX} zine [n] : condition (state of being) {IX} ziu [adv] : really, in fact {§30}

@ zin [radical-v] : live, life, vital {VIII} zin [n] : life, living {IX} zinha ran [!] : long live the King! {§27} zinyasagiada [n] : life insurance company {§5} ziri : present (time) {IX} zivio [adj] : natural {IX}

@ zo [radical-n] : fire, burn, light {VIII} zo [n] : fire {IX} zobin [n] : kettle {IX} zofi [adj] : warm {IX} zoga : burn {IX} ^ heat injury? zoje [n] : coal {IX} zoka [v] : ignite, light (ignite) {VII} zoka renbe <N> : turn on the radio zoki [v] : heat {IX} zoli [n/adj] : south {IX} zona [n] : flame {IX} zoro [adj] : red {IX} zoru [v] : burn {IX} zorusu [n] : lava {IX} zosu <N> [n] : alcohol (distilled spirits to drink), booze, liquor (alcohol) zote [n] : match (firestick) {IX} zovan [n] : smoke {IX} zoxinte <N> [n] : tube (electronic tube; "valve" in British English) zoyakama <N> [n] : volcano {TB} juzo <N> [n] : bonfire {RH}
 * zorovelo : red flower (example of adjective attaching to noun) {§21}

@ zon [radical-n] : poison, infect {VIII} zon [n] : poison {IX}

@ zu [radical-n] : animal, brutal, fierce {VIII} zu [n] : animal {IX} zua <N> [n] : den, lair zumeni [adj] : cruel {IX} zuvi [adj] : barbaric<?> {VII}

@ zun [radical-n] : seven, heptarchy {VIII} zun [num] : seven {§19} zunyatuko : seven eighths {§19} zunyedi [num] : seventy zunyo : seventh zunyodi : Sunday {§20}

zy : 'z' (the name of this letter of the alphabet) {§8}


 * non-oligosynthetic place names by Searight
 * non-oligosynthetic place names by Searight

Afrika [fu] : Africa {§15} Amerika [fu] : America (the continent; see also "United States") {§15} Asia [fu] : Asia {§15} Europa [fu] : Europe {§15}

Angli [fu] : Englishman {§14} Anglia [fu] : England {§15} Anglo [fu] : English (language) {VII} Arabi [fu] : Arab (male) {§14} Doica [fu] : German woman {§14} Doicia [fu] : Germany {§15} Fransa [fu] : French woman {§14} Fransi [fu] : Frenchman {VII} Fransia [fu] : France {§15} Irana [fu] : Persian woman {§14} Irania [fu] : Persia, Iran {§15} Itala [fu] : Italian woman {§14} Itali [fu] : Italian man Italia [fu] : Italy Nihonia [fu] : Japan {§22} Portogali [fu] : Portguese person {VII} Russia [fu] : Russia {§15} Sini [fu] : Chinaman {§14} Sinia [fu] : China {§15}

Marseilles [fu] : Marseilles {VII} Moskva [fu] : Moscow {§15} Napoli [fu] : Naples {§15} Paris [fu] : Paris {VII} Praha [fu] : Prague {§15} Roma [fu] : Rome {VII} Wien [fu] : Vienna {§15} ^ (but W is not a member of Sona's alphabet)


 * other non-oligosynthetic words by Searight
 * other non-oligosynthetic words by Searight

Al [fu] : aluminium {IX} Alumin [fu] : aluminium, aluminum {IX} Alkohol [fu] : alcohol {IX} Bar [fu] : bar (where alcohol is served) {IX} Bir [fu] : beer {IX} Burs [fu] : stock exchange {IX} Cai [fu] : tea {IX} Cokolat [fu] : chocolate {IX} Cu [fu] : copper {§10} Elektrik [fu] : electric {IX} Fonograf [fu] : phonograph {IX} Fox-trot [fu] : foxtrot {§10} Hotel [fu] : hotel {§10,IX} Influenza [fu] : influenza {IX} Kafe [fu] : coffee {IX} Kafeya [fu] : cafe {VII} Karnival [fu] : Carnival {§10} Kodak [fu] : camera {IX} Kutun [fu] : cotton {IX} Lin [fu] : linen {IX} Mail [fu] : mile {VII} Menu [fu] : menu {§10} Net [fu] : net (financial term) {VII} Ni [fu] : nickel (the metal) {IX} Opera [fu] : opera {IX} Parafin [fu] : paraffin {IX} Petrulo [fu] : oil {IX} Piano [fu] : piano {IX} Polis [fu] : police {IX} Post [fu] : post (mail) {§10} Prosa [fu] : prose {IX} Radio [fu] : radio {§10} Sigaret [fu] : cigarette {IX} Sir [fu] : sir {IX} Sona [special] : Sona (name of the language) {§1} Sport [fu] : sport, sports {IX} Sterlin [fu] : Pounds Sterling (unit of currency) {VII} Tabak [fu] : tobacco {IX} Taksi [fu] : taxi {IX} Te [fu] : tea {IX} Teatro [fu] : theatre {IX} Telefon [fu] : telephone {IX} Telegram [fu] : telegram {IX} Uiski [fu] : whisky {IX} Universita [fu] : university {IX} Zn [fu] : zinc {IX}


 * country names that already exist in Searight-approved forms
 * country names that already exist in Searight-approved forms

Albania <N> [fu] : Albania Armenia <N> [fu] : Armenia Bolivia <N> [fu] : Bolivia Estonia <N> [fu] : Estonia Indonesia <N> [fu] : Indonesia Kambodia <N> [fu] : Cambodia Kolombia <N> [fu] : Colombia Kroatia <N> [fu] : Croatia Latvia <N> [fu] : Latvia Liberia <N> [fu] : Liberia Mongolia <N> [fu] : Mongolia Namibia <N> [fu] : Namibia Romania <N> [fu] : Romania Serbia <N> [fu] : Serbia Somalia <N> [fu] : Somalia Tanzania <N> [fu] : Tanzania Tunisia <N> [fu] : Tunisia Zambia <N> [fu] : Zambia


 * non-oligosynthetic words proposed by Rich Harrison
 * non-oligosynthetic words proposed by Rich Harrison

Florida <N> [fu] : Florida Sol <N> [fu] : sun (poetic synonym for 'hairo') Usonia <N> [fu] : United States of America {from E-o "Usono"}


 * non-oligosynthetic words proposed by Michael Everson
 * non-oligosynthetic words proposed by Michael Everson

Dania <N> [fu] : Denmark Iria <N> [fu] : Ireland Norgia <N> [fu] : Norway Spania <N> [fu] : Spain


 * Searight's names of months - "the L. names are used" §20
 * (actually we do not know if Searight would have written
 * Ianuarius or Januarius and so forth; no examples in Book)
 * Ianuarius or Januarius and so forth; no examples in Book)

Ianuarius : January Februarius : February Martius : March Aprilis : April Maius : May Iunius : June Iulius : July Augustus : August September : September October : October November : November December : December


 * month names proposed by Linus Band
 * month names proposed by Linus Band

enmendi <N> : January domendi <N> : February tinmendi <N> : March camendi <N> : April penmendi <N> : May ximendi <N> : June zunmendi <N> : July atumendi <N> : August nunmendi <N> : September dicimendi <N> : October endicimendi <N> : November dodicimendi <N> : December


 * poetic month names proposed by Rich Harrison
 * poetic month names proposed by Rich Harrison

abemendi <N> : January ceiromendi <N> : February donmendi <N> : March furumendi <N> : April homamendi <N> : May juzomendi <N> : June ludamendi <N> : July melanmendi <N> : August samamendi <N> : September uzimendi <N> : October xanmendi <N> : November zumendi <N> : December